Current Landscape of Patients with Metastatic Cancers in the Philippines
Main Article Content
Abstract
Globally, cancer imposes an extensive burden in terms of both epidemiology and financial adversity. Treating cancer remains a challenge despite outstanding development in the field of molecular oncology. The introduction of sophisticated imaging and diagnostic technologies and novel targeted therapies are leading to expensive treatment which is unaffordable to most patients. These challenges strain the already weak healthcare and economic infrastructure of the low- and middle-income countries, where resources are already constrained and access to health care is suboptimal. Thus, it is critical to focus on the prevention strategies that intend to control the rising burden of cancer. Screening programs have long been proven to be cost-effective in reducing cancer mortality by detecting malignancies at earlier asymptomatic stages and thus should be on top priority in the public health agenda of the Philippines. This review paper aims to explore the status of metastatic cancers in the country, including its epidemiology, the current diagnostic and treatment landscape, and future directions to reduce the cancer burden.
Keywords:
Metastatic cancer, Cervical, Colorectal, Liver, Breast, LMICs, Philippines, Insurance
Article Details
How to Cite
TING, Frederic Ivan L. et al.
Current Landscape of Patients with Metastatic Cancers in the Philippines.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 6, june 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5408>. Date accessed: 02 july 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i6.5408.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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48. Tran G, Zafar SY. Financial toxicity and implications for cancer care in the era of molecular and immune therapies. Ann Transl Med. 2018;6(9):166. Doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.03.28
49. Valle I, Tramalloni D, Bragazzi NL. Cancer prevention: state of the art and future prospects. J Prev Med Hyg. 2015;56(1):E21-7.
2. Ngelangel C, Lam H, Rivera A, Kimman M, Real I, Balete S. Philippine Costs in Oncology (PESO): Describing the Economic Impact of Cancer on Filipino Cancer Patients Using the ASEAN Costs in Oncology Study Dataset. Acta Medica Philippina. 2018;52:125-33.
3. WHO. The Globocan Cancer Observatory, Philippines Fact Sheet. WHO; 2022.
4. De Leon Matsuda ML, Leide A, Kwan E, Mapua CA, Cutiongco EM, Tan A, et al. . BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among breast cancer patients from the Philippines. Int J Cancer. 2002;98:596-603.
5. Laudico A RM, Lumague M. Epidemiology and Clinicopathology of Breast Cancer in Metro Manila and Rizal Province, Philippine. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2009;10:167-72.
6. Ortiz A Jr, Fojas M Jr, Javier B, De Villa M, & Eufemio G. A five-year study of 640 consecutive cases of breast cancer among Filipinos. Philippine Journal of Surgical Specialties. 1971;000.
7. Redaniel MT, Laudico A, Mirasol-Lumague MR, Gondos A, Uy GL, Mapua C, et al. Breast cancer survival in different country settings: comparisons between a Filipino resident population, Filipino-Americans and Caucasians. Breast. 2010;19(2):109-14.
Doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2009.12.004
8. Monograph on Lung Cancer: Lung Cancer Registry Data of 2000 – 2008. Lung Center of the Philippines 2008.
9. Sacdalan DB, Lucero JA, Ting FI, Sacdalan DL. What Will Keep Me Coming Back to the Clinic: Factors Identified by Filipino Colorectal Cancer Patients Seen at a National Academic Referral Center. J Patient Exp. 2020;4:460-3.
10. Sacdalan DL, Garcia RL, Diwa MH, Sacdalan DB. Clinicopathologic Factors Associated with Mismatch Repair Status Among Filipino Patients with Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 2021;13:2105-15.
11. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70:7-30.
12. WHO. The Globocan Cancer Observatory, United States of America Fact Sheet. 2021.
13. Eniu A NC, Bertram M,Thongprasert S, Douillard J, Bricalli G, et al. Cancer medicines in Asia and Asia Pacific: What is available, and is it effective enough? ESMO Open. 2019;4(e000483):1-12.
14. Narang AK, Nicholas LH. Out-of-Pocket Spending and Financial Burden Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:757–65.
15. Yabroff KR, Dowling EC, Guy GP, Jr., Banegas MP, Davidoff A, Han X, et al. Financial Hardship Associated With Cancer in the United States: Findings From a Population-Based Sample of Adult Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(3):259-67. Doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.62.0468
16. Philippine Department of Health Circular 2015-035 - The Guiding Principles of the Z Benefits [Internet]. [cited 18 Oct 2022]. Available from: https://www.philhealth.gov.ph/circulars/2015/circ035-2015.pdf.
17. Phlippine Department of Health Circular 2021-0022 - The Guiding Principles of the Z Benefits – Revision 1 [Internet]. [cited 18 Oct 2022]. Available from: https://www.philhealth.gov.ph/circulars/2021/circ2021-0022.pdf
18. Cancer in My Community: Overcoming Cancer Care Barriers in the Philippines [Internet]. 2019 [cited 15 Oct 2022]. Available from: https://www.cancer.net/blog/2019-06/cancermy-community-overcoming-cancer-care-barriers-philippines.
19. Catedral LI, Tan HN, Chua A Jr, Sacdalan DB, Sacdalan DL. Patterns of Biomarker Use in Cancer Treatment Among Medical Oncologists in the Philippines. JCO Glob Oncol. 2020 6:1593-608.
20. Mathew A. Global Survey of Clinical Oncology Workforce. J Glob Oncol. 2018;4:1-12. Doi: 10.1200/JGO.17.00188
21. Swain SM, Baselga J, Kim SB, Jungsil Ro, Semiglazov V, Campone M, et al. Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and Docetaxel in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:724-34.
22. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(2):69-90. Doi: 10.3322/caac.20107
23. Pesec M, Sherertz T. Global health from a cancer care perspective. Future Oncol. 2015;11(15):2235-45. Doi: 10.2217/fon.15.142
24. Barrios CH, Reinert T, Werutsky G. Access to high-cost drugs for advanced breast cancer in Latin America, particularly trastuzumab. Ecancermedicalscience. 2019;13:898. Doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2019.898
25. Ho FDV, De Luna DV, Cubarrubias DLPF, et al. Palliative and Supportive Care in the Philippines: Systems, Barriers, and Steps Forward [published online ahead of print, 2023 Feb 5]. J Palliat Care. 2023;8258597231153381. Doi:10.1177/08258597231153381
26. Taberna M, Gil Moncayo F, Jane-Salas E, et al. The Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) Approach and Quality of Care. Front Oncol. 2020;10:85. Doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.00085
27. Eaton V, Zambrano A, Sanabria V, et al. Innovative Methodology for Strengthening a Multidisciplinary Team Approach in Cities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. JCO Glob Oncol. Oct 2022;8:e2200149. Doi:10.1200/GO.22.00149
28. Ting FIL, Sacdalan DBL, Tampo MMT, et al. Treatment Outcomes of Patients With Colorectal Cancer Enrolled in a Comprehensive Benefits Program of the National Insurance System in the Philippines: Data From the Pilot Site. JCO Glob Oncol. 2020;6:35-46. Doi:10.1200/JGO.19.00332
29. 29. Ting FI, Uy CD, Bebero KG, et al. Choosing Wisely Philippines: ten low-value or harmful practices that should be avoided in cancer care. Ecancermedicalscience. 2022;16:1424. Published 2022 Jul 7. Doi:10.3332/ecancer.2022.1424
30. Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Magnusson R. Global cancer prevention: an important pathway to global health and development. Public Health. 2011;125(12):821-31. Doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2011.09.029
31. Sankaranarayanan R, Boffetta P. Research on cancer prevention, detection and management in low- and medium-income countries. Annals of Oncology. 2010;21:1935–43.
32. Kamaraju S, Drope J, Sankaranarayanan R, Shastri S. Cancer Prevention in Low-Resource Countries: An Overview of the Opportunity. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2020;40:1-12. Doi: 10.1200/EDBK_280625
33. Allanson ER, Schmeler KM. Cervical Cancer Prevention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2021;64(3):501-18. Doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000629
34. Pisani P, Parkin DM, Ngelangel C, Esteban D, Gibson L, Munson M, et al. Outcome of screening by clinical examination of the breast in a trial in the Philippines. Int J Cancer. 2006;118(1):149-54. Doi: 10.1002/ijc.21343
35. Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thara S, Muwonge R, Prabhakar J, Augustine P, et al. Clinical breast examination: preliminary results from a cluster randomized controlled trial in India. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103(19):1476-80. Doi: 10.1093/jnci/djr304
36. Ho FDV, Arevalo MVP, de Claro PTS, Jacomina LE, Germar MJV, Dee EC, et al. Breast and cervical cancer screening in the Philippines: Challenges and steps forward. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2022;29(101936):1-3.
37. Altobelli E, Lattanzi A, Paduano R, Varassi G, di Orio F. Colorectal cancer prevention in Europe: burden of disease and status of screening programs. Prev Med. 2014;62:132-41. Doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.010
38. Tarraga Lopez PJ, Albero JS, Rodriguez-Montes JA. Primary and secondary prevention of colorectal cancer. Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol. 2014;7:33-46. Doi: 10.4137/CGast.S14039
39. Rawla P, Sunkara T, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors. Prz Gastroenterol. 2019;14(2):89-103. Doi: 10.5114/pg.2018.81072
40. Schliemann D, Ramanathan K, Matovu N, O'Neill C, Kee F, Su TT, Donnelly M. The implementation of colorectal cancer screening interventions in low-and middle income countries: a scoping review. BMC Cancer. 2021;21:1125. Doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08809-1
41. Kong YC, Sakti VV, Sullivan R, Bhoo-Pathy N. Cancer and COVID-19: economic impact on households in Southeast Asia. Ecancermedicalscience. 2020;14:1134. Doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1134
42. Caswell-Jin JL, Plevritis SK, Tian L, Cadham CJ, Xu C, Stout NK, et al. Change in Survival in Metastatic Breast Cancer with Treatment Advances: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2018;2(4):pky062. Doi: 10.1093/jncics/pky062
43. Gallagher DJ, Kemeny N. Metastatic colorectal cancer: from improved survival to potential cure. Oncology. 2010;78(3-4):237-48. Doi: 10.1159/000315730
44. Jonker D, Maroun J. & Kocha W. Survival benefit of chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Cancer Manag Res. 2000;82:1789–94
45. Cancer Treatment & Survivorship Facts & Figures 2019-2021. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2019.
46. Xie YH, Chen YX, Fang JY. Comprehensive review of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5(1):22. Doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-0116-z
47. Wangnamthip S, Panchoowong S, Donado C, Lobo K, Phankhongsap P, Sriveerachai P, et al. The Effectiveness of Cancer Pain Management in a Tertiary Hospital Outpatient Pain Clinic in Thailand: A Prospective Observational Study. Pain Res Manag. 2021;2021:5599023. Doi: 10.1155/2021/5599023
48. Tran G, Zafar SY. Financial toxicity and implications for cancer care in the era of molecular and immune therapies. Ann Transl Med. 2018;6(9):166. Doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.03.28
49. Valle I, Tramalloni D, Bragazzi NL. Cancer prevention: state of the art and future prospects. J Prev Med Hyg. 2015;56(1):E21-7.