Abstract
Estrogen, a powerful hormone, is intricately linked to breast cancer susceptibility. This review navigates the intricate web of connections between dietary and environmental estrogen exposures and the development of breast cancer. We meticulously explore diverse sources, ranging from natural plant-derived estrogens like soy isoflavones to pervasive environmental contaminants such as bisphenol A, scrutinizing their potential impact on cancer risk. Our inquiry delves into the intricate molecular mechanisms through which these exposures interact with estrogen receptors, igniting downstream signaling pathways that fuel breast cell proliferation and survival. While conventional risk assessment tools provide valuable insights, we also shed light on modifiable lifestyle factors individuals can embrace to potentially mitigate their risk, advocating for the maintenance of a healthy weight and regular physical activity. Yet, amidst the scientific inquiry, we acknowledge the ongoing debates and limitations, particularly concerning the robustness of associations between specific exposures and cancer risk. Ultimately, we champion the dissemination of evidence-based knowledge, empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their dietary choices, lifestyle modifications, and potential interventions, thereby fostering a future where individuals possess the agency to proactively manage their breast cancer risk profile.