Exploring the Nexus between Estrogenic Exposures from Food and Environment and Breast Cancer Risk
Main Article Content
Abstract
Estrogen, a powerful hormone, is intricately linked to breast cancer susceptibility. This review navigates the intricate web of connections between dietary and environmental estrogen exposures and the development of breast cancer. We meticulously explore diverse sources, ranging from natural plant-derived estrogens like soy isoflavones to pervasive environmental contaminants such as bisphenol A, scrutinizing their potential impact on cancer risk. Our inquiry delves into the intricate molecular mechanisms through which these exposures interact with estrogen receptors, igniting downstream signaling pathways that fuel breast cell proliferation and survival. While conventional risk assessment tools provide valuable insights, we also shed light on modifiable lifestyle factors individuals can embrace to potentially mitigate their risk, advocating for the maintenance of a healthy weight and regular physical activity. Yet, amidst the scientific inquiry, we acknowledge the ongoing debates and limitations, particularly concerning the robustness of associations between specific exposures and cancer risk. Ultimately, we champion the dissemination of evidence-based knowledge, empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their dietary choices, lifestyle modifications, and potential interventions, thereby fostering a future where individuals possess the agency to proactively manage their breast cancer risk profile.
Keywords:
Estrogen, breast cancer, dietary estrogens, environmental estrogens, risk assessment, prevention, lifestyle modifications, informed choices
Article Details
How to Cite
RAVICHANDRAN, S. et al.
Exploring the Nexus between Estrogenic Exposures from Food and Environment and Breast Cancer Risk.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 6, june 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5461>. Date accessed: 21 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i6.5461.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
1. Giaquinto, A. N., Sung, H., Miller, K. D., Kramer, J. L., Newman, L. A., Minihan, A., ... & Siegel, R. L. (2022). Breast cancer statistics, 2022. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 72(6), 524-541.
2. Miziak, P., Baran, M., Błaszczak, E., Przybyszewska-Podstawka, A., Kałafut, J., Smok-Kalwat, J., ... & Stepulak, A. (2023). Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer. Cancers, 15(19), 4689.
3. Maharjan, C. K., Mo, J., Wang, L., Kim, M. C., Wang, S., Borcherding, N., ... & Zhang, W. (2021). Natural and synthetic estrogens in chronic inflammation and breast cancer. Cancers, 14(1), 206.
4. Paterni, I., Granchi, C., & Minutolo, F. (2017). Risks and benefits related to alimentary exposure to xenoestrogens. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(16), 3384–3404.
5. Kinkade, C. W., Rivera-Núñez, Z., Gorcyzca, L., Aleksunes, L. M., & Barrett, E. S. (2021). Impact of fusarium-derived mycoestrogens on female reproduction: A systematic review. Toxins, 13(6), 373.
6. Al-Shami, K., Awadi, S., Alsheikh, A. M., Al-Sharif, S., Ala’Bereshy, R., Al-Eitan, S. F., ... & Al Zoubi, M. S. (2023). Estrogens and the risk of breast cancer: A narrative review of literature. Heliyon.
7. Gompel, A., Fain, O., Boccon-Gibod, I., Gobert, D., & Bouillet, L. (2020). Exogenous hormones and hereditary angioedema. International Immunopharmacology, 78, 106080.
8. Gupta, R., Kumar, P., Fahmi, N., Garg, B., Dutta, S., Sachar, S., ... & Vimaleswaran, K. S. (2020). Endocrine disruption and obesity: A current review on environmental obesogens. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 3, 100009.
9. Bilal, M., Rizwan, K., Adeel, M., Barceló, D., Awad, Y. A., & Iqbal, H. M. (2022). Robust strategies to eliminate endocrine disruptive estrogens in water resources. Environmental Pollution, 306, 119373.
10. Ionescu, V. S., Popa, A., Alexandru, A., Manole, E., Neagu, M., & Pop, S. (2021). Dietary phytoestrogens and their metabolites as epigenetic modulators with impact on human health. Antioxidants, 10(12), 1893.
11. Domínguez-López, I., Yago-Aragón, M., Salas-Huetos, A., Tresserra-Rimbau, A., & Hurtado-Barroso, S. (2020). Effects of dietary phytoestrogens on hormones throughout a human lifespan: A review. Nutrients, 12(8), 2456.
12. Desmawati, D., & Sulastri, D. (2019). Phytoestrogens and Their Health Effect. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(3), 495–499.
13. Rietjens, I. M. C. M., Louisse, J., & Beekmann, K. (2017). The potential health effects of dietary phytoestrogens. British Journal of Pharmacology, 174(11), 1263–1280.
14. Awuchi, C. G., Ondari, E. N., Nwozo, S., Odongo, G. A., Eseoghene, I. J., Twinomuhwezi, H., ... & Okpala, C. O. R. (2022). Mycotoxins’ toxicological mechanisms involving humans, livestock and their associated health concerns: A review. Toxins, 14(3), 167.
15. Thapa, A., Horgan, K. A., White, B., & Walls, D. (2021). Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone—synergistic or antagonistic agri-food chain co-contaminants?. Toxins, 13(8), 561.
16. Zimmermann, L., Bartosova, Z., Braun, K., Oehlmann, J., Völker, C., & Wagner, M. (2021). Plastic products leach chemicals that induce in vitro toxicity under realistic use conditions. Environmental science & technology, 55(17), 11814-11823.
17. Vandenberg, L. N., Najmi, A., & Mogus, J. P. (2020). Agrochemicals with estrogenic endocrine disrupting properties: Lessons Learned?. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 518, 110860.
18. Rocha, P. R. S., Oliveira, V. D., Vasques, C. I., Dos Reis, P. E. D., & Amato, A. A. (2021). Exposure to endocrine disruptors and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology, 161, 103330.
19. Chakraborty, B., Byemerwa, J., Krebs, T., Lim, F., Chang, C. Y., & McDonnell, D. P. (2023). Estrogen receptor signaling in the immune system. Endocrine reviews, 44(1), 117-141.
20. Li, J., Yu, J., Zou, H., Zhang, J., & Ren, L. (2023). Estrogen receptors-mediated health benefits of phytochemicals: A review. Food & Function.
21. Lecomte, S., Demay, F., Ferrière, F., & Pakdel, F. (2017). Phytochemicals Targeting Estrogen Receptors: Beneficial Rather Than Adverse Effects? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(7), 1381.
22. Wang, X., Ha, D., Yoshitake, R., Chan, Y. S., Sadava, D., & Chen, S. (2021). Exploring the biological activity and mechanism of xenoestrogens and phytoestrogens in cancers: emerging methods and concepts. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(16), 8798.
23. Calaf, G. M., Ponce‑Cusi, R., Aguayo, F., Muñoz, J. P., & Bleak, T. C. (2020). Endocrine disruptors from the environment affecting breast cancer. Oncology letters, 20(1), 19-32.
24. Wang, J., Huang, Y., Wang, S., Yang, Y., He, J., Li, C., ... & Martyniuk, C. J. (2021). Identification of active and inactive agonists/antagonists of estrogen receptor based on Tox21 10K compound library: Binomial analysis and structure alert. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 214, 112114.
25. Sun, M. Y., Du, H. Y., Zhu, A. N., Liang, H. Y., de Garibay, G. R., Li, F. X., Li, M., & Yang, X. X. (2015). Genetic polymorphisms in estrogen-related genes and the risk of breast cancer among Han Chinese women. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(2), 4121–4135.
26. Mauny, A., Faure, S., & Derbré, S. (2022). Phytoestrogens and Breast Cancer: Should French Recommendations Evolve?. Cancers, 14(24), 6163.
27. Fontaine, C., Morfoisse, F., Tatin, F., Zamora, A., Zahreddine, R., Henrion, D., ... & Garmy-Susini, B. (2020). The impact of estrogen receptor in arterial and lymphatic vascular diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(9), 3244.
28. Stillwater, B. J., Bull, A. C., Romagnolo, D. F., Neumayer, L. A., Donovan, M. G., & Selmin, O. I. (2020). Bisphenols and risk of breast cancer: a narrative review of the impact of diet and bioactive food components. Frontiers in nutrition, 7, 581388.
29. Yuan, M., Chen, S., Zeng, C., Fan, Y., Ge, W., & Chen, W. (2023). Estrogenic and non-estrogenic effects of bisphenol A and its action mechanism in the zebrafish model: An overview of the past two decades of work. Environment international, 107976.
30. Kuan, C. C., Kuo, W. H., Chang, S. H., & Sun, H. F. (2023). A longitudinal study on the changes in the self‐efficacy of breast cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy. Nursing Open, 10(5), 2912-2919.
31. Akash, M. S. H., Rasheed, S., Rehman, K., Imran, M., & Assiri, M. A. (2023). Toxicological evaluation of bisphenol analogues: preventive measures and therapeutic interventions. RSC advances, 13(31), 21613-21628.
32. Chen, Z., Qian, F., Hu, Y., Voortman, T., Li, Y., Rimm, E. B., & Sun, Q. (2023). Dietary phytoestrogens and total and cause-specific mortality: Results from 2 prospective cohort studies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 117(1), 130-140.
33. Satpathi, S., Gaurkar, S. S., Potdukhe, A., Wanjari, M. B., & Wanjari, M. (2023). Unveiling the role of hormonal imbalance in breast cancer development: A comprehensive review. Cureus, 15(7).
2. Miziak, P., Baran, M., Błaszczak, E., Przybyszewska-Podstawka, A., Kałafut, J., Smok-Kalwat, J., ... & Stepulak, A. (2023). Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer. Cancers, 15(19), 4689.
3. Maharjan, C. K., Mo, J., Wang, L., Kim, M. C., Wang, S., Borcherding, N., ... & Zhang, W. (2021). Natural and synthetic estrogens in chronic inflammation and breast cancer. Cancers, 14(1), 206.
4. Paterni, I., Granchi, C., & Minutolo, F. (2017). Risks and benefits related to alimentary exposure to xenoestrogens. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(16), 3384–3404.
5. Kinkade, C. W., Rivera-Núñez, Z., Gorcyzca, L., Aleksunes, L. M., & Barrett, E. S. (2021). Impact of fusarium-derived mycoestrogens on female reproduction: A systematic review. Toxins, 13(6), 373.
6. Al-Shami, K., Awadi, S., Alsheikh, A. M., Al-Sharif, S., Ala’Bereshy, R., Al-Eitan, S. F., ... & Al Zoubi, M. S. (2023). Estrogens and the risk of breast cancer: A narrative review of literature. Heliyon.
7. Gompel, A., Fain, O., Boccon-Gibod, I., Gobert, D., & Bouillet, L. (2020). Exogenous hormones and hereditary angioedema. International Immunopharmacology, 78, 106080.
8. Gupta, R., Kumar, P., Fahmi, N., Garg, B., Dutta, S., Sachar, S., ... & Vimaleswaran, K. S. (2020). Endocrine disruption and obesity: A current review on environmental obesogens. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 3, 100009.
9. Bilal, M., Rizwan, K., Adeel, M., Barceló, D., Awad, Y. A., & Iqbal, H. M. (2022). Robust strategies to eliminate endocrine disruptive estrogens in water resources. Environmental Pollution, 306, 119373.
10. Ionescu, V. S., Popa, A., Alexandru, A., Manole, E., Neagu, M., & Pop, S. (2021). Dietary phytoestrogens and their metabolites as epigenetic modulators with impact on human health. Antioxidants, 10(12), 1893.
11. Domínguez-López, I., Yago-Aragón, M., Salas-Huetos, A., Tresserra-Rimbau, A., & Hurtado-Barroso, S. (2020). Effects of dietary phytoestrogens on hormones throughout a human lifespan: A review. Nutrients, 12(8), 2456.
12. Desmawati, D., & Sulastri, D. (2019). Phytoestrogens and Their Health Effect. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(3), 495–499.
13. Rietjens, I. M. C. M., Louisse, J., & Beekmann, K. (2017). The potential health effects of dietary phytoestrogens. British Journal of Pharmacology, 174(11), 1263–1280.
14. Awuchi, C. G., Ondari, E. N., Nwozo, S., Odongo, G. A., Eseoghene, I. J., Twinomuhwezi, H., ... & Okpala, C. O. R. (2022). Mycotoxins’ toxicological mechanisms involving humans, livestock and their associated health concerns: A review. Toxins, 14(3), 167.
15. Thapa, A., Horgan, K. A., White, B., & Walls, D. (2021). Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone—synergistic or antagonistic agri-food chain co-contaminants?. Toxins, 13(8), 561.
16. Zimmermann, L., Bartosova, Z., Braun, K., Oehlmann, J., Völker, C., & Wagner, M. (2021). Plastic products leach chemicals that induce in vitro toxicity under realistic use conditions. Environmental science & technology, 55(17), 11814-11823.
17. Vandenberg, L. N., Najmi, A., & Mogus, J. P. (2020). Agrochemicals with estrogenic endocrine disrupting properties: Lessons Learned?. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 518, 110860.
18. Rocha, P. R. S., Oliveira, V. D., Vasques, C. I., Dos Reis, P. E. D., & Amato, A. A. (2021). Exposure to endocrine disruptors and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology, 161, 103330.
19. Chakraborty, B., Byemerwa, J., Krebs, T., Lim, F., Chang, C. Y., & McDonnell, D. P. (2023). Estrogen receptor signaling in the immune system. Endocrine reviews, 44(1), 117-141.
20. Li, J., Yu, J., Zou, H., Zhang, J., & Ren, L. (2023). Estrogen receptors-mediated health benefits of phytochemicals: A review. Food & Function.
21. Lecomte, S., Demay, F., Ferrière, F., & Pakdel, F. (2017). Phytochemicals Targeting Estrogen Receptors: Beneficial Rather Than Adverse Effects? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(7), 1381.
22. Wang, X., Ha, D., Yoshitake, R., Chan, Y. S., Sadava, D., & Chen, S. (2021). Exploring the biological activity and mechanism of xenoestrogens and phytoestrogens in cancers: emerging methods and concepts. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(16), 8798.
23. Calaf, G. M., Ponce‑Cusi, R., Aguayo, F., Muñoz, J. P., & Bleak, T. C. (2020). Endocrine disruptors from the environment affecting breast cancer. Oncology letters, 20(1), 19-32.
24. Wang, J., Huang, Y., Wang, S., Yang, Y., He, J., Li, C., ... & Martyniuk, C. J. (2021). Identification of active and inactive agonists/antagonists of estrogen receptor based on Tox21 10K compound library: Binomial analysis and structure alert. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 214, 112114.
25. Sun, M. Y., Du, H. Y., Zhu, A. N., Liang, H. Y., de Garibay, G. R., Li, F. X., Li, M., & Yang, X. X. (2015). Genetic polymorphisms in estrogen-related genes and the risk of breast cancer among Han Chinese women. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(2), 4121–4135.
26. Mauny, A., Faure, S., & Derbré, S. (2022). Phytoestrogens and Breast Cancer: Should French Recommendations Evolve?. Cancers, 14(24), 6163.
27. Fontaine, C., Morfoisse, F., Tatin, F., Zamora, A., Zahreddine, R., Henrion, D., ... & Garmy-Susini, B. (2020). The impact of estrogen receptor in arterial and lymphatic vascular diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(9), 3244.
28. Stillwater, B. J., Bull, A. C., Romagnolo, D. F., Neumayer, L. A., Donovan, M. G., & Selmin, O. I. (2020). Bisphenols and risk of breast cancer: a narrative review of the impact of diet and bioactive food components. Frontiers in nutrition, 7, 581388.
29. Yuan, M., Chen, S., Zeng, C., Fan, Y., Ge, W., & Chen, W. (2023). Estrogenic and non-estrogenic effects of bisphenol A and its action mechanism in the zebrafish model: An overview of the past two decades of work. Environment international, 107976.
30. Kuan, C. C., Kuo, W. H., Chang, S. H., & Sun, H. F. (2023). A longitudinal study on the changes in the self‐efficacy of breast cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy. Nursing Open, 10(5), 2912-2919.
31. Akash, M. S. H., Rasheed, S., Rehman, K., Imran, M., & Assiri, M. A. (2023). Toxicological evaluation of bisphenol analogues: preventive measures and therapeutic interventions. RSC advances, 13(31), 21613-21628.
32. Chen, Z., Qian, F., Hu, Y., Voortman, T., Li, Y., Rimm, E. B., & Sun, Q. (2023). Dietary phytoestrogens and total and cause-specific mortality: Results from 2 prospective cohort studies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 117(1), 130-140.
33. Satpathi, S., Gaurkar, S. S., Potdukhe, A., Wanjari, M. B., & Wanjari, M. (2023). Unveiling the role of hormonal imbalance in breast cancer development: A comprehensive review. Cureus, 15(7).