Bidirectional Relationship between Obesity, Psychiatric Disorders, and Renal Disease: A Systematic Review
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rapid growth of obesity worldwide has made it a significant health problem. In contrast, the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity has had a significant impact on the magnitude of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in developing countries. A vast number of researchers have reported a strong relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease, and obesity can serve as an independent risk factor for kidney disease. The histological changes of kidneys in obesity-induced renal injury include glomerular or tubular hypertrophy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, or bulbous sclerosis. Furthermore, inflammation, renal hemodynamic changes, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism disorders are all involved in developing and progressing obesity-induced nephropathy. However, there is no targeted treatment for obesity-related kidney disease.
Despite the apt acknowledgment of the physical comorbidity burden in obesity, its correlation to both mental health and renal health has received relatively less research attention. However, in the last 20 years, there has been a progressive collection of evidence concerning the correlation between obesity, renal disorders, and different psychiatric disorders, especially in individuals who have sought treatment for the conditions. Regardless of this, there are still significant knowledge gaps linked to the strengths as well as directions of the correlations between obesity, psychiatric disorders, and renal disorders. Moreover, owing to the methodological variances between different studies, it is essential to synthesize the existing evidence in these areas to enable researchers and clinicians to have improved comprehension of the extant correlations between obesity, psychiatric disorders, and renal disorders. This will positively impact the clinical assessment and identification of additional research targets in these areas, including the potential neurobiological correlations between psychiatric disorders and obesity. From the management point of view, it has been indicated that early identification and subsequent management of both widespread psychiatric challenges and renal disorders may optimize the outcomes in obese and overweight patients presenting for treatments. As such, there is a need for practicing politicians to have a better understanding of the bidirectional correlations between obesity, psychiatric disorders, and renal disorders. With this background, the present systematic review and meta-analysis have been performed to review and synthesize the extant data and evidence on the bidirectional correlations between obesity, psychiatric disorders, and renal disorders.
The positive bidirectional relationship between body weight and depression is found. The effect of depression on body weight is significant among both males and females in a randomized population, and females who experience depression are most likely to be obese and less likely to have normal weight compared to females without depression. The risks of overweight and obesity are high among people who are less educated or unable, who have poor health statuses, and who had high blood pressure.
Keywords:
Obesity, Psychiatric Disorders, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Bidirectional Relationship, Nephropathy, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Metabolism, Mental Health, Meta-Analysis
Article Details
How to Cite
OKOBI, Okelue Edwards et al.
Bidirectional Relationship between Obesity, Psychiatric Disorders, and Renal Disease: A Systematic Review.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 7, july 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5497>. Date accessed: 21 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i7.5497.
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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6. Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll MD, et al.: Trends in obesity among adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014. JAMA. 2016, 315:2284-2291. 10.1001/jama.2016.6458.
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9. Subramanian SV, Perkins JM, Özaltin E, et al.: Weight of nations: a socioeconomic analysis of women in low-to middle-income countries. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011, 93:413-421. 10.3945/ajcn.110.004820
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13. Johnston E, Johnson S, McLeod P, et al.: The relation of body mass index to depressive symptoms. Can J Public Health. 2004, 95:179-183. 10.1007/BF03403643
14. Paulitsch RG, Demenech LM, Dumith SC: Association of depression and obesity is mediated by weight perception. J Health Psychol. 2021, 26:2020-2030. 10.1177/1359105319897778
15. Yu M, Shi Y, Gu L, Wang W: “Jolly fat” or “sad fat”: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between obesity and depression among community-dwelling older adults. Aging Ment Health. 20222, 26:13-25. 10.1080/13607863. 2020.1857687
16. Darimont T, Karavasiloglou N, Hysaj O, et al.: Body weight and self-perception are associated with depression: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2016. J Affect Disord. 2020, 274:929-934. 10.1016/ j.jad.2020.05.130
17. Heo M, Pietrobelli A, Fontaine KR, et al.: Depressive mood and obesity in US adults: comparison and moderation by sex, age, and race. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006, 30:513-519. 10.1038/ sj.ijo.0803122
18. Moonajilin MS, Rahman ME, Islam MS: Relationship between overweight/obesity and mental health disorders among Bangladeshi adolescents: a cross-sectional survey. Obes. Med. 2020, 1:100216. 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100216
19. Wang X, Hu Y, Qin LQ, et al.: Combined association of central obesity and depressive symptoms with risk of heart disease: A prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord. 2022, 15:360-365. 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.096
20. Pape M, Herpertz S, Schroeder S, et al.: Food addiction and its relationship to weight-and addiction-related psychological parameters in individuals with overweight and obesity. Front Psychol. 2021, 21:736454. 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736454
21. Freire CC, Zanella MT, Segal A, et al.: Associations between binge eating, depressive symptoms and anxiety and weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. Eat Weight Disord. 2021, 26:191-199. 10.1007/s40519-019-00839-w
22. Sharafi SE, Garmaroudi G, Ghafouri M, et al.: Prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with overweight and obesity. Obes. Med. 20201, 17:100169. 10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100169
23. Cilli M, De Rosa R, Pandolfi C, et al.: Quantification of sub-clinical anxiety and depression in essentially obese patients and normal-weight healthy subjects. Eat Weight Disord. 2003, 8:319-320. 10.1007/BF03325033
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