Smoking and Cannabis Cessation: An Essential Component of Lung Cancer Treatment
Main Article Content
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the cause of almost 90% of lung cancers, accounting for 18% of cancer deaths worldwide in 2020. Cannabis is the most widely smoked illicit substance worldwide in the form of herb (marijuana) or resin combined with tobacco (joint) doubles the risk of bronchial carcinogenesis. The incidence of this cancer is expected to rise by 47% from 2020 to 2040 in the world. Despite advances in the cancer treatment, tobacco and cannabis control is the most effective measure for curbing this epidemic. Smoking cessation, at all stages of the cancer process, is associated with benefits in terms of cure, increased life expectancy, improved quality of life for patients, reduced medical or surgical. It is an essential component of lung cancer treatment which must involved cancer care providers. This review describes tobacco and cannabis cessation strategies in patients suffering from this frequent cancer.
Keywords:
Tobacco smoking, Cannabis use, Lung cancer, Smoking cessation
Article Details
How to Cite
PERRIOT, Jean; PEIFFER, Gérard; DELAITRE, Michel.
Smoking and Cannabis Cessation: An Essential Component of Lung Cancer Treatment.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 7, july 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5528>. Date accessed: 15 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i7.5528.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global
Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71:209-49. doi. org/10. 3322/ caac. 21660
2. How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA) : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US);2010. PMID :21452462. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK530 17/
3. Jiménez-Ruiz CA, Andreas S, Lewis KE, Tonnesen P, van Schayck CP, Hajek P, et al. Statement on smoking cessation in COPD and other pulmonary diseases and in smokers with comorbidities who find it difficult to quit. Eur Respir J 2015 ;46:61-79.
Doi. org/ 10.1183/09031936.00092614
4. Connor JP, Stjepanović D, Le Foll B, Hoch E, Budney AJ, Hall WD. Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 ; 25;7(1):16. Doi:10.1038/s41572-021 -00247-4
5. Underner M, Urban T, Perriot J, de Chazeron I, Meurice JC. Cannabis smoking and lung cancer. Rev Mal Respir. 2014 ;31(6) :488-98. doi : 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.12.002.
6. Yach D. The origins, development, effects, and future of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: a personal perspective. Lancet 2014;383:1771-9. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62155-8
7. Caini S, Del Riccio M, Vettori V, Scotti V, Martinoli C, Raimondi S, et al. Quitting smoking at or around diagnosis improves the overall survival of lung cancer patients:va systematic review and meta-analysis.Thorac Oncol 2022;17:623-36.
Doi.org/10. 1016/j.jtho. 2021.12.005
8. Perriot J, Underner M, Peiffer G, Dautzenberg B. Helping smoking cessation in COPD ,asthma, lung cancer, operated smokers. Rev Pneumol Clin 2018;74:170-80. doi.org/10.1016/j.pneumo.2018.03.008
9. Schabath MB, Cote ML. Cancer progress and priorities: lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019;28:1563-79. doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0221
10. Warren GW, Cummings KM. Tobacco and lung cancer: risks, trends, and outcomes in patients with cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2013:359-64. Doi: 10.14694/EdBook_AM.2013.33.359.
11. Klebe S, Leigh J, Henderson DW, Nurminen M. Asbestos smoking and lung cancer: an update. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019;17:258. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph 17 010258
12. Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Beelen R, Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Weinmay G, et al. Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European study ocohorts for air pollution effects (ESCAPE). Lancet Oncol 2013;14:813-22. doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1
13. McCarthy WJ, Meza R, Jeon J, Moolgavkar SH. Lung cancer in never smokers: epidemiology and risk prediction models. Risk Anal 2012;32:S69-84. doi.org/ 10. 1111/j. 1539-6924.2012.01768-x
14 Santoro A, Tomino C, Prinzi G, Lamonaca P, Cardaci V, Fini M, et al. Tobacco smoking: risk to develop addiction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019;14:39-52.doi.org/10.2174/15748928 14666190102122848
15. Sansone L, Milani F, Fabrizi R, Belli M, Cristina M, Zagà V, et al. Nicotine: from discovery to biological effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24:14570. doi.org/10.3390 /ijms 2419 14570
16. Jayes L, Haslam PL, Gratziou CG, Powell P, Britton J, Vardavas C, et al. Tobacco Control Committee of the European Respiratory Society. Smokehaz: systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the effects of smoking on respiratory health. Chest 2016 ;150:164-79. doi.org/ 10.1016/j. chest. 2016.03.060
17. Moritsugu KP. The 2006 Report of the Surgeon General: the health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. Am J Prev Med. 2007;32(6):542-3.
Doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.026.
18. Pradère P, Ruppert AM, Peiffer G, Perriot J, Adler M, Underner M. Inhaled marijuana and the lung, a toxic cocktail?. Rev Mal Respir. 2022;39(8):708-718. Doi:10.1016/j.rmr. 2022.08.007.
19. Betser L, Glorion M, Mordant P, Caramella C, Ghigna MR, Besse B, et al. Cannabis use and lung cancer: time to stop overlooking the problem? Eur Respir J. 2021;57(5):2004132. Doi:10.1183/13993003.04132-2020.
20. Aldington S, Harwood M, Cox B, Weatherall M, Beckert L, Hansell A, Cannabis and Respiratory Disease Research Group. Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study. Eur Respir J. 2008;31(2):280-6. Doi: 10.1183/09031936.00065707.
21. Hirsch FR, Scagliotti GV, Mulshine JL, Kwon R, Curran WJ Jr, Wu YL, et al. Lung cancer: current therapies and new targeted treatments. Lancet 2017;389:299-311. doi. org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30958-8
22. Muthusamy B, Patil PD, Pennell NA. Perioperative Systemic Therapy for Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022;20(8):953-961. Doi: 10.6004 /jnccn.2022.7021.
23. Miao D, Zhao J, Han Y, Zhou J, Li X, Zhang T, et al. Management of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: State of the art and future directions. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2024;44(1):23-46.
Doi:10.1002/cac2.12505.
24. Mamdani H, Matosevic S, Khalid AB, Durm G, Jalal SI. Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: Current Landscape and Future Directions. Front Immunol. 2022 ;13:823618. Doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823618.
25. Dong J, Li B, Lin D, Zhou Q, Huang D. Advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer based on accurate molecular typing. Front Pharmacol 2019;10:230.
Doi.org/ 10.3389/fphar.2019.00230
26. Ruiz-Cordero R, Devine WP. Targeted therapy and checkpoint immunotherapy in lung cancer. Surg Pathol Clin 2020; 13:17-33.
Doi.org/10.1016/j.path. 2019.11.002
27. Underner M, Perriot J, Merson F, Peiffer G, Meurice JC. Influence of tobacco
smoking on quality of life in patients with lung cancer. Rev Mal Respir 2015;32:586-98.
Doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2014.08.011
28. Parsons A, Daley A, Begh R, Aveyard P. Influence of smoking cessation after diagnosis of early stage lung cancer on prognosis: systematic review of observational
studies with meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;340:b5569. Doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b5569
29. Sheikh M, Mukeriya A, Shangina O, Brennan P, Zaridze D. Postdiagnosis smoking cessation and reduced risk for lung cancer progression and mortality: a prospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2021;174:1232-9.doi.org/10.7326/M21-0252
30. Perlík F. Impact of smoking on metabolic changes and effectiveness of drugs used for lung cancer.Cent Eur J Public Health 2020;28:53-8. doi.org/10.21101/cejp a5620
31. Gajdos C, Hawn MT, Campagna EJ, Henderson WG, Singh JA, Houston T. Adverse effects of smoking on postoperative outcomes in cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2012 ;19:1430-8. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-011-2128-y
32. Ghasemiesfe M, Ravi D, Vali M, Korenstein D, Arjomandi M, Frank J, et al. Marijuana Use, Respiratory Symptoms, and Pulmonary Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2018 ;169(2):106-115. Doi: 10.7326/M18-0522.
33. Tashkin DP, Simmons MS, Tseng CH. Impact of changes in regular use of marijuana and/or tobacco on chronic bronchitis. COPD. 2012 ;9(4):367-74. Doi:10.3109/154 12555. 2012.671868.
34. Shields PG, Bierut L, Arenberg D, Balis D, Cinciripini PM, Davis J, et al. Smoking cessation, version 3.2022, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2023;21:297-322.
Doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2023.0013
35. Perriot J, Underner M, Peiffer G. Smoking cessation in smokers under treatment for lung cancer. Current data. Rev Med Liege. 2024 ;79(1) :29-33.
36. Guichenez P, Underner M, Perriot J. Behavioral and cognitive therapies in smoking cessation : What tools for the pulmonologist?. Rev Mal Respir. 2019;36(5):600-609. Doi: 10.1016/j. rmr.2019.04.001.
37. Ghatak A, Gilman S, Carney S, Gonzalez AV, Benedetti A, Ezer N. Smoking cessation by phone counselling in a lung cancer screening program: a retrospective comparative cohorts tudy. Can Respir J 2022;2022:5446751 Doi.org/10.1155/2022/ 5446751
38.Lindson N, Theodoulou A, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Fanshawe TR, Sutton AJ, Livingstone-Banks J, et al. Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta-analyses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 ;9(9):CD015226. Doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015226.pub2.
39. Berlin I, Jacob N, Coudert M, Perriot J, Schultz, Rodon N. Adjustment of nicotine replacement therapies according to saliva cotinine concentration: the ADONIS* trial-a randomized study in smokers with medical comorbidities. Addiction 2011;106:833-43. doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03306 .x
40. Gotti C, Clementi F. Cytisine and cytisine derivatives. More than smoking cessation aids. Pharmacol Res 2021;170:105700. doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105700
41. Rigotti NA, Benowitz NL, Prochaska J, Leischow S, Nides M, Blumenstein B, et al. Cytisinicline for smoking cessation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2023;330:152-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105700
42. Underner M, Perriot J, Peiffer G, Ruppert AM, de Chazeron I, Jaafari N. Combinations of pharmacological treatments in smoking cessation. A systematic review. Rev Mal Respir. 2021;38(7):706-720.
Doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.05.012.
43. Underner M, Perriot J, Peiffer G, Harika- Germaneau G, Jaafari N. Smoking cessation: pharmacological strategies different from standard treatments]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2018;74:205-14. doi.org/10.1016/j.pneumo.2018.04.008
44. Bartsch P, Delvaux M, Englebert E, Beaupain MH, Louis R. E-cigarette and smoking cessation: current situation in Belgium. Rev Med Liege 2017;72:14-19.
45. Dautzenberg B, Garelick D.Patients with lung cancer: are electronic cigarettes har mful or useful? Lung Cancer 2017;105:42-8. Doi.org/10.1016/jlungcan.2016 .05.011
46. Cummings KM, Dresler CM, Field JK, Fox J, Gritz ER, Hanna NH, et al. E-cigarettes and cancer patients.J Thorac Oncol 2014;9:438-41. Doi.org/10.1097/JTO. 0000 0000 00000129
47. Correa JB, Brandon KO, Meltzer LR, Hoehn HJ, Piñeiro B, Brandon TH, et al. Electronic cigarette use among patients with cancer: reasons for use, beliefs, and patient-provider communication.Psychooncology 2018; 27:1757-64. doi.org/ 10 .1002/ pon.4721
48. Borderud SP, Li Y, Burkhalter JE, Sheffer CE, Ostroff JS. Electronic cigarette use among patients with cancer: characteristics of electronic cigarette users and their smoking cessation outcomes. Cancer 2014;120:3527-35 Doi.org/10.1002/ cncr. 28811
49. Hirata N, Horinouchi T,Kanda Y.Effects of cigarette smoke extract derived from heated tobacco products on the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells.Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1273-80. Doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.001
50. Braznell S, Campbell J, Gilmore AB. What can current biomarker data tell us about the risks of lung cancer posed by heated tobacco products? Nicotine Tob Res 2024 ;26(3) :270-280. Doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntad081.
51. Catho H, Guigard S, Toffart AC, Frey G, Chollier T, Brichon PY, et al.. What are the barriers to the completion of a home-based rehabilitation programme for patients awaiting surgery for lung cancer: a prospective observational study. BMJ Open. 2021;10;11(2):e041907. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041907.
52. Deschenau A, Le Faou AL, Touzeau D. Smoking cessation support among persons in situation of precariousness. Rev Mal Respir 2017;34:44-52. doi.org/11016/j.rmr. 2016. 03.010
53. Berger I, Mooney-Somers J. Smoking cessation programs for lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, transgender, and intersex people: a content-based systematic review. Nicotine Tob Res 2017;19:1408-17. doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw216
54. Donnelly RE, Minami H, Hecht J, Bloom EL, Tashima K, Selva Kumar D, et al.
Relationships among self-efficacy, quality of life, perceived vulnerability, and readiness to quit smoking in people living with HIV. J Smok Cessat 2021;2021:6697404. doi.org/10.1155/2021/6697404
55. Mercié P, Arsandaux J, Katlama C, Ferret S, Beuscart A, Spadone C, et al. ANRS 144 Inter-ACTIV study group. Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in people living with HIV in France (ANRS 144 Inter-ACTIV): a randomised controlled phase 3 clinical trial. Lancet HIV 2018;5:e126-35.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30002-X
56. Wei X, Guo K, Shang X, Wang S, Yang C, Li J, et al. Effects of different interventions on smoking cessation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients : a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2022 ;136:104362. doi.org/10. 1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104362
57. Kumar R, Mrigpuri P, Bansal V, Menon B, Spalgais S, Yadav SR, et al. Pre-conference workshop on pulmonary rehabilitation and smoking cessation - NATCON 2022. Indian J Tuberc. 2023 ;70(3):376-377. Doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.04.020.
58. Peiffer G, Perriot J, Underner M, Rouquet RM. Sevrage tabagique du patient atteint de BPCO : importance de l’éducation thérapeutique [Smoking cessation treatment for smokers with COPD: The importance of therapeutic education]. Rev Mal Respir. 2023;40(6):520-530. Doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.03.008.
59. Lin SC, Gathua N, Thompson C, Sripipatana A, Makaroff L. Disparities in smoking prevalence and associations with mental health and substance use disorders in underserved communities across the United States. Cancer 2022;128:1826-31. doi.org/10.1002/cncr.34132
60. Minichino A, Bersani FS, Calò WK, Spagnoli F, Francesconi M, Vicinanza R, et al. Smoking behaviour and mental health disorders--mutual influences and implications for therapy. Int J Environ Res Pub 2013;10:4790-811. doi. org/103390 /ijerph10104790
61. Fond G, Trouve M, Andrieu-Haller C, Sunhary de Verville PL, Boyer L. Barriers in psychiatrists' mind to active smoking cessation promotion in severe psychiatric disorders. Encephale. 2023 ;49(1):21-26. Doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.09.007.
62. Anthenelli RM, Benowitz NL, West R, St Aubin L, McRae T, Lawrence D, et al.
Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch randomised in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, ran domised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet 2016;387:2507-20. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30272-0.
63. McClure EA, Tomko RL, Salazar CA, Akbar SA, Squeglia LM, Herrmann E, et al. Tobacco and cannabis co-use: Drug substitution, quit interest, and cessation preferences. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019;27(3):265-275. Doi: 10.1037/pha0000244.
64. Perriot J, Peiffer G, Underner M. Tobacco and cannabis consumption : toxicity and management of quitting. Rev Med Liege. 2021;76(1):31-35. PMID: 33443326.
65. Schwitzer T, Gillet C, Bisch M, Di Patrizio P, Schwan R, Laprevote V. Co-occurrent cannabis and tobacco uses:Clinical knowledge and therapeutic prospects]. Therapie. 2016;71(3):315-22. Doi:10.1016/j. therap.2016.02.027.
66. Beckham JC, Adkisson KA, Hertzberg J, Kimbrel NA, Budney AJ, Stephens RS, et al. Mobile contingency management as an adjunctive treatment for co-morbid cannabis use disorder and cigarette smoking. Addict Behav. 2018;79:86-92. Doi: 10.1016/j. addbeh. 2017.12.007.
67. Nielsen S, Gowing L, Sabioni P, Le Foll B. Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;1(1):CD008940. Doi:10.1002/1465 1858.CD008940.pub3
68. Abdoul H, Le Faou AL, Bouchez J, Touzeau D, Lagrue G. Cannabis cessation interventions offered to young French users: predictors of follow-up. Encephale. 2012;38(2):141-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2011.04.007.
69. Adams TR, Arnsten JH, Ning Y, Nahvi S. Feasibility and Preliminary Effectiveness of Varenicline for Treating Co-Occurring Cannabis and Tobacco Use. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2018 ;50(1):12-18.
Doi: 10.1080/02791072.2017.1370746.
70. Kathuria H. Electronic Cigarette Use, Misuse, and Harm. Med Clin North Am. 2022 ;106(6): 1081-1092. Doi:10.1016/j.mcna2022.07.009.
71. Marrocco A, Singh D, Christiani DC, Demokritou P. E-cigarette vaping associated acute lung injury (EVALI): state of science and future research needs. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2022;52(3):188-220.
Doi: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2082918.
72. Haney M, Vallée M, Fabre S, Collins Reed S, Zanese M, Campistron G, et al. Signaling-specific inhibition of the CB1 receptor for cannabis use disorder: phase 1 and phase 2a randomized trials. Nat Med. 2023 ;29(6):1487-1499. Doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02381-w.
73. Petit B, Dornier A, Meille V, Demina A, Trojak B. Non-invasive brain stimulation for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2022;117(11):2768-2779. Doi: 10.1111/add.15889
74.Triplette M, Donovan LM, Crothers K, Madtes DK, Au DH. Prediction of Lung Cancer
Screening Eligibility Using Simplified Criteria. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019 ;16(10):1280-1285. Doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201903-239OC.
75.Mascalchi M, Picozzi G, Puliti D, Diciotti S, Deliperi A, Romei C, et al. Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT: what we have learned in two decades of ITA-LUNG and what is yet to be addressed. Diagnostics 2023;13:21 .doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics 131 32197
76. Pastorino U, Boffi R, Marchianò A, Sestini S, Munarini E, Calareso G, et al. Stopping Smoking Reduces Mortality in Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening Participants. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11(5):693-699. Doi: 10.1016/j .jtho .2016 .02.011.
77. Peiffer G, Underner M, Perriot J, Ruppert A-M, Tiotu A. Smoking cessation and lung cancer screening. Rev Mal Respir 2020;37:722-34. doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2020 09. 005
78. Ostroff JS, Copeland A, Borderud SP, Li Y, Shelley DR, Henschke CI. Readiness of lung cancer screening sites to deliver smoking cessation treatment: current practices, organizational priority, and perceived barriers. Nicotine Tob Res 2016;18:1067-75.
doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv177
79. Hohl SD,Matulewicz RS, Salloum RG,Ostroff JS, Baker TB, Schnoll R, et al. Integra-ting tobacco treatment into oncology care: reach and effectiveness of evidence-based tobacco treatment across national cancer institute-designated cancer centers. J Clin Oncol 2023 ;41(15) :2756-2766. Doi:10.1200/JCO.22.00936.
80.de Ruiter WK, Barker M, Rahimi A, Ivanova A, Zawertailo L, Osnat C Melamed OC, et al. Smoking cessation training and treatment: options for cancer centres. Curr Oncol 2022;29:2252-62. Doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29040183
81. Fares AF, Li Y, Jiang M, Brown MC, Lam ACL, Aggarwal R, et al. Association between duration of smoking abstinence before non-small-cell lung cancer diagnosis and survival: a retrospective, pooled analysis of cohort studies. Lancet Public Health. 2023 ;8(9):e691-e700. Doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00131-7.
82. Reinhardt C, Harden M, Herrmann-Lingen C, Rittmeyer A, Andreas S. Smoking cessation by combined medication and counselling : a feasibility study in lung cancer patients. BMC Pulm Med. 2022 ;22(1):252. Doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-02048-1.
Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71:209-49. doi. org/10. 3322/ caac. 21660
2. How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA) : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US);2010. PMID :21452462. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK530 17/
3. Jiménez-Ruiz CA, Andreas S, Lewis KE, Tonnesen P, van Schayck CP, Hajek P, et al. Statement on smoking cessation in COPD and other pulmonary diseases and in smokers with comorbidities who find it difficult to quit. Eur Respir J 2015 ;46:61-79.
Doi. org/ 10.1183/09031936.00092614
4. Connor JP, Stjepanović D, Le Foll B, Hoch E, Budney AJ, Hall WD. Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 ; 25;7(1):16. Doi:10.1038/s41572-021 -00247-4
5. Underner M, Urban T, Perriot J, de Chazeron I, Meurice JC. Cannabis smoking and lung cancer. Rev Mal Respir. 2014 ;31(6) :488-98. doi : 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.12.002.
6. Yach D. The origins, development, effects, and future of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: a personal perspective. Lancet 2014;383:1771-9. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62155-8
7. Caini S, Del Riccio M, Vettori V, Scotti V, Martinoli C, Raimondi S, et al. Quitting smoking at or around diagnosis improves the overall survival of lung cancer patients:va systematic review and meta-analysis.Thorac Oncol 2022;17:623-36.
Doi.org/10. 1016/j.jtho. 2021.12.005
8. Perriot J, Underner M, Peiffer G, Dautzenberg B. Helping smoking cessation in COPD ,asthma, lung cancer, operated smokers. Rev Pneumol Clin 2018;74:170-80. doi.org/10.1016/j.pneumo.2018.03.008
9. Schabath MB, Cote ML. Cancer progress and priorities: lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019;28:1563-79. doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0221
10. Warren GW, Cummings KM. Tobacco and lung cancer: risks, trends, and outcomes in patients with cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2013:359-64. Doi: 10.14694/EdBook_AM.2013.33.359.
11. Klebe S, Leigh J, Henderson DW, Nurminen M. Asbestos smoking and lung cancer: an update. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019;17:258. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph 17 010258
12. Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Beelen R, Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Weinmay G, et al. Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European study ocohorts for air pollution effects (ESCAPE). Lancet Oncol 2013;14:813-22. doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1
13. McCarthy WJ, Meza R, Jeon J, Moolgavkar SH. Lung cancer in never smokers: epidemiology and risk prediction models. Risk Anal 2012;32:S69-84. doi.org/ 10. 1111/j. 1539-6924.2012.01768-x
14 Santoro A, Tomino C, Prinzi G, Lamonaca P, Cardaci V, Fini M, et al. Tobacco smoking: risk to develop addiction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019;14:39-52.doi.org/10.2174/15748928 14666190102122848
15. Sansone L, Milani F, Fabrizi R, Belli M, Cristina M, Zagà V, et al. Nicotine: from discovery to biological effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24:14570. doi.org/10.3390 /ijms 2419 14570
16. Jayes L, Haslam PL, Gratziou CG, Powell P, Britton J, Vardavas C, et al. Tobacco Control Committee of the European Respiratory Society. Smokehaz: systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the effects of smoking on respiratory health. Chest 2016 ;150:164-79. doi.org/ 10.1016/j. chest. 2016.03.060
17. Moritsugu KP. The 2006 Report of the Surgeon General: the health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. Am J Prev Med. 2007;32(6):542-3.
Doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.026.
18. Pradère P, Ruppert AM, Peiffer G, Perriot J, Adler M, Underner M. Inhaled marijuana and the lung, a toxic cocktail?. Rev Mal Respir. 2022;39(8):708-718. Doi:10.1016/j.rmr. 2022.08.007.
19. Betser L, Glorion M, Mordant P, Caramella C, Ghigna MR, Besse B, et al. Cannabis use and lung cancer: time to stop overlooking the problem? Eur Respir J. 2021;57(5):2004132. Doi:10.1183/13993003.04132-2020.
20. Aldington S, Harwood M, Cox B, Weatherall M, Beckert L, Hansell A, Cannabis and Respiratory Disease Research Group. Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study. Eur Respir J. 2008;31(2):280-6. Doi: 10.1183/09031936.00065707.
21. Hirsch FR, Scagliotti GV, Mulshine JL, Kwon R, Curran WJ Jr, Wu YL, et al. Lung cancer: current therapies and new targeted treatments. Lancet 2017;389:299-311. doi. org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30958-8
22. Muthusamy B, Patil PD, Pennell NA. Perioperative Systemic Therapy for Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022;20(8):953-961. Doi: 10.6004 /jnccn.2022.7021.
23. Miao D, Zhao J, Han Y, Zhou J, Li X, Zhang T, et al. Management of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: State of the art and future directions. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2024;44(1):23-46.
Doi:10.1002/cac2.12505.
24. Mamdani H, Matosevic S, Khalid AB, Durm G, Jalal SI. Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: Current Landscape and Future Directions. Front Immunol. 2022 ;13:823618. Doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823618.
25. Dong J, Li B, Lin D, Zhou Q, Huang D. Advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer based on accurate molecular typing. Front Pharmacol 2019;10:230.
Doi.org/ 10.3389/fphar.2019.00230
26. Ruiz-Cordero R, Devine WP. Targeted therapy and checkpoint immunotherapy in lung cancer. Surg Pathol Clin 2020; 13:17-33.
Doi.org/10.1016/j.path. 2019.11.002
27. Underner M, Perriot J, Merson F, Peiffer G, Meurice JC. Influence of tobacco
smoking on quality of life in patients with lung cancer. Rev Mal Respir 2015;32:586-98.
Doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2014.08.011
28. Parsons A, Daley A, Begh R, Aveyard P. Influence of smoking cessation after diagnosis of early stage lung cancer on prognosis: systematic review of observational
studies with meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;340:b5569. Doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b5569
29. Sheikh M, Mukeriya A, Shangina O, Brennan P, Zaridze D. Postdiagnosis smoking cessation and reduced risk for lung cancer progression and mortality: a prospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2021;174:1232-9.doi.org/10.7326/M21-0252
30. Perlík F. Impact of smoking on metabolic changes and effectiveness of drugs used for lung cancer.Cent Eur J Public Health 2020;28:53-8. doi.org/10.21101/cejp a5620
31. Gajdos C, Hawn MT, Campagna EJ, Henderson WG, Singh JA, Houston T. Adverse effects of smoking on postoperative outcomes in cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2012 ;19:1430-8. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-011-2128-y
32. Ghasemiesfe M, Ravi D, Vali M, Korenstein D, Arjomandi M, Frank J, et al. Marijuana Use, Respiratory Symptoms, and Pulmonary Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2018 ;169(2):106-115. Doi: 10.7326/M18-0522.
33. Tashkin DP, Simmons MS, Tseng CH. Impact of changes in regular use of marijuana and/or tobacco on chronic bronchitis. COPD. 2012 ;9(4):367-74. Doi:10.3109/154 12555. 2012.671868.
34. Shields PG, Bierut L, Arenberg D, Balis D, Cinciripini PM, Davis J, et al. Smoking cessation, version 3.2022, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2023;21:297-322.
Doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2023.0013
35. Perriot J, Underner M, Peiffer G. Smoking cessation in smokers under treatment for lung cancer. Current data. Rev Med Liege. 2024 ;79(1) :29-33.
36. Guichenez P, Underner M, Perriot J. Behavioral and cognitive therapies in smoking cessation : What tools for the pulmonologist?. Rev Mal Respir. 2019;36(5):600-609. Doi: 10.1016/j. rmr.2019.04.001.
37. Ghatak A, Gilman S, Carney S, Gonzalez AV, Benedetti A, Ezer N. Smoking cessation by phone counselling in a lung cancer screening program: a retrospective comparative cohorts tudy. Can Respir J 2022;2022:5446751 Doi.org/10.1155/2022/ 5446751
38.Lindson N, Theodoulou A, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Fanshawe TR, Sutton AJ, Livingstone-Banks J, et al. Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta-analyses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 ;9(9):CD015226. Doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015226.pub2.
39. Berlin I, Jacob N, Coudert M, Perriot J, Schultz, Rodon N. Adjustment of nicotine replacement therapies according to saliva cotinine concentration: the ADONIS* trial-a randomized study in smokers with medical comorbidities. Addiction 2011;106:833-43. doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03306 .x
40. Gotti C, Clementi F. Cytisine and cytisine derivatives. More than smoking cessation aids. Pharmacol Res 2021;170:105700. doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105700
41. Rigotti NA, Benowitz NL, Prochaska J, Leischow S, Nides M, Blumenstein B, et al. Cytisinicline for smoking cessation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2023;330:152-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105700
42. Underner M, Perriot J, Peiffer G, Ruppert AM, de Chazeron I, Jaafari N. Combinations of pharmacological treatments in smoking cessation. A systematic review. Rev Mal Respir. 2021;38(7):706-720.
Doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.05.012.
43. Underner M, Perriot J, Peiffer G, Harika- Germaneau G, Jaafari N. Smoking cessation: pharmacological strategies different from standard treatments]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2018;74:205-14. doi.org/10.1016/j.pneumo.2018.04.008
44. Bartsch P, Delvaux M, Englebert E, Beaupain MH, Louis R. E-cigarette and smoking cessation: current situation in Belgium. Rev Med Liege 2017;72:14-19.
45. Dautzenberg B, Garelick D.Patients with lung cancer: are electronic cigarettes har mful or useful? Lung Cancer 2017;105:42-8. Doi.org/10.1016/jlungcan.2016 .05.011
46. Cummings KM, Dresler CM, Field JK, Fox J, Gritz ER, Hanna NH, et al. E-cigarettes and cancer patients.J Thorac Oncol 2014;9:438-41. Doi.org/10.1097/JTO. 0000 0000 00000129
47. Correa JB, Brandon KO, Meltzer LR, Hoehn HJ, Piñeiro B, Brandon TH, et al. Electronic cigarette use among patients with cancer: reasons for use, beliefs, and patient-provider communication.Psychooncology 2018; 27:1757-64. doi.org/ 10 .1002/ pon.4721
48. Borderud SP, Li Y, Burkhalter JE, Sheffer CE, Ostroff JS. Electronic cigarette use among patients with cancer: characteristics of electronic cigarette users and their smoking cessation outcomes. Cancer 2014;120:3527-35 Doi.org/10.1002/ cncr. 28811
49. Hirata N, Horinouchi T,Kanda Y.Effects of cigarette smoke extract derived from heated tobacco products on the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells.Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1273-80. Doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.001
50. Braznell S, Campbell J, Gilmore AB. What can current biomarker data tell us about the risks of lung cancer posed by heated tobacco products? Nicotine Tob Res 2024 ;26(3) :270-280. Doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntad081.
51. Catho H, Guigard S, Toffart AC, Frey G, Chollier T, Brichon PY, et al.. What are the barriers to the completion of a home-based rehabilitation programme for patients awaiting surgery for lung cancer: a prospective observational study. BMJ Open. 2021;10;11(2):e041907. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041907.
52. Deschenau A, Le Faou AL, Touzeau D. Smoking cessation support among persons in situation of precariousness. Rev Mal Respir 2017;34:44-52. doi.org/11016/j.rmr. 2016. 03.010
53. Berger I, Mooney-Somers J. Smoking cessation programs for lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, transgender, and intersex people: a content-based systematic review. Nicotine Tob Res 2017;19:1408-17. doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw216
54. Donnelly RE, Minami H, Hecht J, Bloom EL, Tashima K, Selva Kumar D, et al.
Relationships among self-efficacy, quality of life, perceived vulnerability, and readiness to quit smoking in people living with HIV. J Smok Cessat 2021;2021:6697404. doi.org/10.1155/2021/6697404
55. Mercié P, Arsandaux J, Katlama C, Ferret S, Beuscart A, Spadone C, et al. ANRS 144 Inter-ACTIV study group. Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in people living with HIV in France (ANRS 144 Inter-ACTIV): a randomised controlled phase 3 clinical trial. Lancet HIV 2018;5:e126-35.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30002-X
56. Wei X, Guo K, Shang X, Wang S, Yang C, Li J, et al. Effects of different interventions on smoking cessation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients : a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2022 ;136:104362. doi.org/10. 1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104362
57. Kumar R, Mrigpuri P, Bansal V, Menon B, Spalgais S, Yadav SR, et al. Pre-conference workshop on pulmonary rehabilitation and smoking cessation - NATCON 2022. Indian J Tuberc. 2023 ;70(3):376-377. Doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.04.020.
58. Peiffer G, Perriot J, Underner M, Rouquet RM. Sevrage tabagique du patient atteint de BPCO : importance de l’éducation thérapeutique [Smoking cessation treatment for smokers with COPD: The importance of therapeutic education]. Rev Mal Respir. 2023;40(6):520-530. Doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.03.008.
59. Lin SC, Gathua N, Thompson C, Sripipatana A, Makaroff L. Disparities in smoking prevalence and associations with mental health and substance use disorders in underserved communities across the United States. Cancer 2022;128:1826-31. doi.org/10.1002/cncr.34132
60. Minichino A, Bersani FS, Calò WK, Spagnoli F, Francesconi M, Vicinanza R, et al. Smoking behaviour and mental health disorders--mutual influences and implications for therapy. Int J Environ Res Pub 2013;10:4790-811. doi. org/103390 /ijerph10104790
61. Fond G, Trouve M, Andrieu-Haller C, Sunhary de Verville PL, Boyer L. Barriers in psychiatrists' mind to active smoking cessation promotion in severe psychiatric disorders. Encephale. 2023 ;49(1):21-26. Doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.09.007.
62. Anthenelli RM, Benowitz NL, West R, St Aubin L, McRae T, Lawrence D, et al.
Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch randomised in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, ran domised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet 2016;387:2507-20. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30272-0.
63. McClure EA, Tomko RL, Salazar CA, Akbar SA, Squeglia LM, Herrmann E, et al. Tobacco and cannabis co-use: Drug substitution, quit interest, and cessation preferences. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019;27(3):265-275. Doi: 10.1037/pha0000244.
64. Perriot J, Peiffer G, Underner M. Tobacco and cannabis consumption : toxicity and management of quitting. Rev Med Liege. 2021;76(1):31-35. PMID: 33443326.
65. Schwitzer T, Gillet C, Bisch M, Di Patrizio P, Schwan R, Laprevote V. Co-occurrent cannabis and tobacco uses:Clinical knowledge and therapeutic prospects]. Therapie. 2016;71(3):315-22. Doi:10.1016/j. therap.2016.02.027.
66. Beckham JC, Adkisson KA, Hertzberg J, Kimbrel NA, Budney AJ, Stephens RS, et al. Mobile contingency management as an adjunctive treatment for co-morbid cannabis use disorder and cigarette smoking. Addict Behav. 2018;79:86-92. Doi: 10.1016/j. addbeh. 2017.12.007.
67. Nielsen S, Gowing L, Sabioni P, Le Foll B. Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;1(1):CD008940. Doi:10.1002/1465 1858.CD008940.pub3
68. Abdoul H, Le Faou AL, Bouchez J, Touzeau D, Lagrue G. Cannabis cessation interventions offered to young French users: predictors of follow-up. Encephale. 2012;38(2):141-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2011.04.007.
69. Adams TR, Arnsten JH, Ning Y, Nahvi S. Feasibility and Preliminary Effectiveness of Varenicline for Treating Co-Occurring Cannabis and Tobacco Use. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2018 ;50(1):12-18.
Doi: 10.1080/02791072.2017.1370746.
70. Kathuria H. Electronic Cigarette Use, Misuse, and Harm. Med Clin North Am. 2022 ;106(6): 1081-1092. Doi:10.1016/j.mcna2022.07.009.
71. Marrocco A, Singh D, Christiani DC, Demokritou P. E-cigarette vaping associated acute lung injury (EVALI): state of science and future research needs. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2022;52(3):188-220.
Doi: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2082918.
72. Haney M, Vallée M, Fabre S, Collins Reed S, Zanese M, Campistron G, et al. Signaling-specific inhibition of the CB1 receptor for cannabis use disorder: phase 1 and phase 2a randomized trials. Nat Med. 2023 ;29(6):1487-1499. Doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02381-w.
73. Petit B, Dornier A, Meille V, Demina A, Trojak B. Non-invasive brain stimulation for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2022;117(11):2768-2779. Doi: 10.1111/add.15889
74.Triplette M, Donovan LM, Crothers K, Madtes DK, Au DH. Prediction of Lung Cancer
Screening Eligibility Using Simplified Criteria. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019 ;16(10):1280-1285. Doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201903-239OC.
75.Mascalchi M, Picozzi G, Puliti D, Diciotti S, Deliperi A, Romei C, et al. Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT: what we have learned in two decades of ITA-LUNG and what is yet to be addressed. Diagnostics 2023;13:21 .doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics 131 32197
76. Pastorino U, Boffi R, Marchianò A, Sestini S, Munarini E, Calareso G, et al. Stopping Smoking Reduces Mortality in Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening Participants. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11(5):693-699. Doi: 10.1016/j .jtho .2016 .02.011.
77. Peiffer G, Underner M, Perriot J, Ruppert A-M, Tiotu A. Smoking cessation and lung cancer screening. Rev Mal Respir 2020;37:722-34. doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2020 09. 005
78. Ostroff JS, Copeland A, Borderud SP, Li Y, Shelley DR, Henschke CI. Readiness of lung cancer screening sites to deliver smoking cessation treatment: current practices, organizational priority, and perceived barriers. Nicotine Tob Res 2016;18:1067-75.
doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv177
79. Hohl SD,Matulewicz RS, Salloum RG,Ostroff JS, Baker TB, Schnoll R, et al. Integra-ting tobacco treatment into oncology care: reach and effectiveness of evidence-based tobacco treatment across national cancer institute-designated cancer centers. J Clin Oncol 2023 ;41(15) :2756-2766. Doi:10.1200/JCO.22.00936.
80.de Ruiter WK, Barker M, Rahimi A, Ivanova A, Zawertailo L, Osnat C Melamed OC, et al. Smoking cessation training and treatment: options for cancer centres. Curr Oncol 2022;29:2252-62. Doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29040183
81. Fares AF, Li Y, Jiang M, Brown MC, Lam ACL, Aggarwal R, et al. Association between duration of smoking abstinence before non-small-cell lung cancer diagnosis and survival: a retrospective, pooled analysis of cohort studies. Lancet Public Health. 2023 ;8(9):e691-e700. Doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00131-7.
82. Reinhardt C, Harden M, Herrmann-Lingen C, Rittmeyer A, Andreas S. Smoking cessation by combined medication and counselling : a feasibility study in lung cancer patients. BMC Pulm Med. 2022 ;22(1):252. Doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-02048-1.