Abstract
Introduction: The global crisis of illicit substance consumption, particularly cocaine, extends beyond individual users, impacting social, cultural, and institutional levels. Cocaine use is associated with a myriad of illicit activities and significantly affects public health, especially in underdeveloped countries. This study examines the cardiovascular risks linked to cocaine use, focusing on conditions such as chest pain and acute myocardial infarction.
Methodology: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies for cocaine-associated cardiovascular events. Data on cocaine use prevalence and related cardiovascular incidents were analyzed, alongside mechanisms of cocaine-induced myocardial damage and treatment protocols.
Results: Cocaine use has increased, particularly among young adults, leading to higher prevalence rates of cardiovascular events, including acute myocardial infarction. Cocaine induces vasoconstriction, arrhythmias, and oxidative stress, contributing to myocardial ischemia and infarction. The literature reveals a significant incidence of severe coronary atherosclerosis and multivessel disease among young cocaine users experiencing acute myocardial infarction. Immediate intervention strategies, including dual antiplatelet therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention, are essential but must be tailored to the unique challenges posed by cocaine's effects.
Conclusions: Cocaine elevates the risk of severe cardiovascular events, necessitating targeted prevention and treatment strategies. The management of acute myocardial infarction in cocaine users requires a personalized approach, considering the drug's complex impact on cardiovascular health. Preventive measures and early intervention are crucial to mitigating the heightened risk of myocardial infarction and other cardiac events in this population.