The story of protective humoral immunity against COVID-19 in a chilean cohort of multiple sclerosis patients: Vaccines are necessary

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Published Sep 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i9.5641

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Main Article Content

Lorna Galleguillos
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo y Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
Ricardo Alonso
Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Ramos Mejías, Argentina
Andrea Alarcon
Centro de estudios clínicos, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
Jorge Villacura
Departamento de Neurología y neurocirugía, Clínica Dávila de Santiago, Chile
Marianne Kägi
Departamento de Neurología y neurocirugía, Clínica Dávila de Santiago, Chile
Marianella Hernández
Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
Violeta Díaz
Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
Jorge Barahona
Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile

Abstract

Background: There is scarce data in Latin America about how the protective humoral immunity behaves in patients that received an inactivated COVID-19 or mRNA vaccine or boosters in people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS).


Objective: To evaluate humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in a cohort of Chilean pwMS treated with high efficacy therapies (HET) and the effect of a booster.


Methods: Observational cohort study of pwMS receiving mRNA or inactivated (CoronaVac) COVID-19 vaccines and a booster with mRNA vaccine 5 months after. IgG anti spike was determined in 4 groups: cladribine, anti-20 (rituximab or ocrelizumab), alemtuzumab and reference group.


Results: Hundred and thirty-two patients: 24.7% on cladribine and 13% on ocrelizumab, 84.9% received CoronaVac.  No significant differences between time from last dose of HET and IgG production. Significant differences on absolute lymphocyte count between cladribine and antiCD20 (p<0.01). Anti-CD20 produced the lowest 4weeks post-vaccine IgG titers. 72.5% pwMS had Protective humoral immunity (PHI) at 4weeks but only 18.5% of the antiCD20 group did have it. The 5 months post-vaccine IgG titers were evaluated in 69 patients; all kept PHI; 26.6% of the antiCD20 group with no previous PHI, received a booster with mRNA vaccine and did produce PHI after it.


Conclusions: CoronaVac produce PHI in pwMS treated with HET in the analyzed cohort, except for Anti-CD20 therapies in our cohort. The booster in the anti CD20 therapy with no PHI after 2 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine had a small impact in the IgG anti spike production. Further studies are needed in our cohort to understand the kinetics of the PHI with inactivated vaccines and the boosters.

Keywords: inactivated vaccine, mRNA vaccine, cladribine, anti-CD20, alemtuzumab, booster

Article Details

How to Cite
GALLEGUILLOS, Lorna et al. The story of protective humoral immunity against COVID-19 in a chilean cohort of multiple sclerosis patients: Vaccines are necessary. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 9, sep. 2024. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5641>. Date accessed: 04 oct. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i9.5641.
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Issue
Vol 12 No 9 (2024): Vol 12 No 9 (2024): September ISSUE, Issue 9, VOl.12
Section
Research Articles

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