Review of Diagnostic Radiology Imaging Modalities for Evaluating Skin Lesions Involving the Head and Neck

Abstract

While skin lesions are apparent on clinical exam, diagnostic imaging is sometimes warranted to assess the local and distant extent of disease. CT imaging offers high-resolution anatomical detail and is particularly valuable in delineating deep-seated lesions, bone involvement, and assessing metastatic spread. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast and is indispensable for evaluating lesions in anatomically complex regions such as the head and neck. Ultrasound, on the other hand, offers real-time imaging, portability, and cost-effectiveness, making it an essential tool in the initial assessment and surveillance of superficial skin lesions. PET imaging, although less commonly employed for primary skin lesion evaluation, plays a crucial role in detecting metastatic disease and assessing treatment response in advanced-stage malignancies. Each modality has its advantages and limitations, and the choice of imaging technique depends on factors such as lesion characteristics, clinical indication, and availability of resources. Integration of multiple imaging modalities with clinical and histopathological correlation enhances diagnostic accuracy and facilitates optimal patient management. This review highlights the roles of CT, MRI, PET, and ultrasound in the comprehensive evaluation of skin lesions, with a focus on their respective indications, advantages, and utility in clinical practice.