Comparison of serum risk factors for mortality from COVID-19

Article Sidebar

3-Oct-5774.pdf
Published Oct 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i10.5774

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Submit your own article

Register as an author to reserve your spot in the next issue of the Medical Research Archives.

Author Registration

Join the Society

The European Society of Medicine is more than a professional association. We are a community. Our members work in countries across the globe, yet are united by a common goal: to promote health and health equity, around the world.

Join Europe’s leading medical society and discover the many advantages of membership, including free article publication.

Membership

Main Article Content

Valeria Juárez García
Zaragoza Higher School Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico.
Gustavo Acosta Altamirano
Research Direction of “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga” General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico
Monica Sierra Martínez
Molecular Biology Laboratory of Regional High Specialty Hospital of Ixtapaluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
Pedro José Curi-Curi
Direction of Planning, Teaching and Research, Regional High Specialty Hospital of Ixtapaluca, State of Mexico, Mexico

Abstract

Background and Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a proinflammatory state that causes elevation of multiple serum variables. It has been observed that some biochemical alterations in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can be prognostic markers of severity and mortality. This study aims to compare different serum biomarkers to determine whether their alteration is associated with mortality due to COVID-19.


Methods: A case-control clinical study was carried out including patients with COVID-19 which were divided into two groups: with clinical improvement and those who died. Sociodemographic, clinical and serum variables (blood count, blood chemistry, lipid profile, markers of acute inflammation and troponin I) were studied. The serum variables were analyzed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, the Odds Ratio (OR) value was analyzed and the predictive value of each one was evaluated using the area under the curve.


Results: Of the 285 patients included, 161 showed clinical improvement and 124 died. It was established that lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) has the best predictive value for mortality, followed by troponin I and IL-6.


Conclusions: Elevated LDH upon hospital admission was found to have the best predictive value for mortality, followed by troponin I and interleukin 6 (IL-6). It was determined that the serum variables with the best prognostic value for severity and mortality are associated with cardiovascular damage, so we infer that if the SARS-CoV-2 virus considerably affects the heart, patients have a higher risk of death during their hospital stay.

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, prognosis, biomarkers, severity of Illness

Article Details

How to Cite
GARCÍA, Valeria Juárez et al. Comparison of serum risk factors for mortality from COVID-19. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 10, oct. 2024. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5774>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i10.5774.
ABNT APA BibTeX CBE EndNote - EndNote format (Macintosh & Windows) MLA ProCite - RIS format (Macintosh & Windows) RefWorks Reference Manager - RIS format (Windows only) Turabian
Issue
Vol 12 No 10 (2024): October Issue, Issue 10, VOl.12
Section
Research Articles

The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.

 

References

1. Parasher A. COVID-19: Current understanding of its Pathophysiology, Clinical presentation and Treatment. Vol. 97, Postgraduate Medical Journal. BMJ Publishing Group; 2021. p. 312–20.
2. Gusev E, Sarapultsev A, Solomatina L, Chereshnev V. Sars‐Cov‐2‐Specific Immune Response and the Pathogenesis of COVID‐19. Vol. 23, International Journal of Molecular Sciences. MDPI; 2022.
3. Tjendra Y, Al Mana AF, Espejo AP, Akgun Y, Millan NC, Gomez-Fernandez C, et al. Predicting disease severity and outcome in COVID-19 patients: A review of multiple biomarkers. Vol. 144, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. College of American Pathologists; 2020. p. 1465–74.
4. De Michieli L, Babuin L, Vigolo S, Berti De Marinis G, Lunardon A, Favretto F, et al. Using high sensitivity cardiac troponin values in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): The Padova experience. Clin Biochem. 2021 Apr 1;90:8–14.
5. Pitamberwale A, Mahmood T, Ansari AK, Ansari SA, Limgaokar K, Singh L, et al. Biochemical Parameters as Prognostic Markers in Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients. Cureus. 2022 Aug 30;
6. Dubey DB, Mishra S, Reddy HD, Rizvi A, Ali W. Hematological and serum biochemistry parameters as a prognostic indicator of severally ill versus mild Covid-19 patients: A study from tertiary hospital in North India. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2021 Oct 1;12.
7. Endeshaw Y, Campbell K. Advanced age, comorbidity and the risk of mortality in COVID-19 infection. J Natl Med Assoc. 2022 Oct 1;114(5):512–7.
8. Kang SJ, Jung SI. Age-Related Morbidity and Mortality among Patients with COVID-19. Infect Chemother. 2020 Jun 1;52(2):154–64.
9. Pérez-Sastré MA, Valdés J, Ortiz-Hernández L. Características clínicas y gravedad de COVID-19 en adultos mexicanos. Gac Med Mex. 2020;156(5):373–81.
10. Gao Y dong, Ding M, Dong X, Zhang J jin, Kursat Azkur A, Azkur D, et al. Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: A review. Vol. 76, Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2021. p. 428–55.
11. Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Diaque P, Hernandez S, Rosas S, Kostic A, Caballero AE. Understanding the growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the Hispanic population living in the United States. Vol. 35, Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 2019.
12. Zhang J jin, Dong X, Liu G hui, Gao Y dong. Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality. Vol. 64, Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology. Springer; 2023. p. 90–107.
13. Chauhan AJ, Wiffen LJ, Brown TP. COVID-19: A collision of complement, coagulation and inflammatory pathways. Vol. 18, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2020. p. 2110–7.
14. Unver N, McAllister F. IL-6 family cytokines: Key inflammatory mediators as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Vol. 41, Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews. Elsevier Ltd; 2018. p. 10–7.
15. Liu F, Li L, Xu M Da, Wu J, Luo D, Zhu YS, et al. Prognostic value of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin in patients with COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2020 Jun 1;127.
16. Pepys MB. C-reactive protein predicts outcome in COVID-19: is it also a therapeutic target? Vol. 42, European Heart Journal. Oxford University Press; 2021. p. 2280–3.
17. Serrano-Lorenzo P, Coya ON, López-Jimenez A, Blázquez A, Delmiro A, Lucia A, et al. Plasma LDH: A specific biomarker for lung affectation in COVID-19? Pract Lab Med. 2021 May 1;25.
18. Ergenc I, Capar E, Sengel BE, Bahramzade G, Atalah F, Kocakaya D, et al. DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH) ISOENZYMES LEVELS FOR THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19. J Med Biochem. 2023;42(1):16–26.
19. Capraru ID, Vulcanescu DD, Bagiu IC, Horhat FG, Popescu IM, Baditoiu LM, et al. COVID-19 Biomarkers Comparison: Children, Adults and Elders. Medicina (Lithuania). 2023 May 1;59(5).
20. Zhang Y, Xiao LS, Li P, Zhu H, Hu C, Zhang WF, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Progressive and Non-progressive Coronavirus Disease 2019: Evidence From 365 Hospitalised Patients in Honghu and Nanchang, China. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 Nov 16;7.
21. Abbasi B Al, Torres P, Ramos-Tuarez F, Dewaswala N, Abdallah A, Chen K, et al. Cardiac Troponin-I and COVID-19: A Prognostic Tool for In-Hospital Mortality. Cardiol Res. 2020 Dec 1;11(6):398–404.
22. Lippi G, Lavie CJ, Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis. Vol. 63, Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. W.B. Saunders; 2020. p. 390–1.
23. Azevedo RB, Botelho BG, Hollanda JVG de, Ferreira LVL, Junqueira de Andrade LZ, Oei SSML, et al. Covid-19 and the cardiovascular system: a comprehensive review. Vol. 35, Journal of Human Hypertension. Springer Nature; 2021. p. 4–11.
24. Wibowo A, Pranata R, Akbar MR, Purnomowati A, Martha JW. Prognostic performance of troponin in COVID-19: A diagnostic meta-analysis and meta-regression. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021 Apr 1;105:312–8.
25. Juárez V, Curi-Curi PJ. Acute myocardial injury as an independent factor of poor prognosis in severe COVID 19 disease. Indian Journal of Research. 2023;12(12).
26. Lashgari R, Jabeen G, Prakash J, Kumal P, Rehman S. Inflammatory biomarkers and cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients.
27. Del Prete A, Conway F, Della Rocca DG, Biondi-Zoccai G, De Felice F, Musto C, et al. COVID-19, Acute Myocardial Injury, and Infarction. Vol. 14, Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics. W.B. Saunders; 2022. p. 29–39.
28. Dawson D, Dominic P, Sheth A, Modi M. Prognostic value of Cardiac Biomarkers in COVID-19 Infection: A Meta-analysis. Res Sq [Internet]. 2020 June 13; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32702736
29. Sheth A, Modi M, Dawson D, Dominic P. Prognostic value of cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19 infection. Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 1;11(1).
30. Walker CP, Deb S, Ling H, Wang Z. Assessing the Elevation of Cardiac Biomarkers and the Severity of COVID-19 Infection: A Meta-analysis [Internet]. Vol. 23, J Pharm Pharm Sci (www.cspsCanada.org). 2020