Assessing risk of COVID-19 reinfection and complications in adults treated with stimulant medications: A retrospective study using electronic health records Risk of COVID-19 reinfection and complications in adults prescribed stimulants

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Published Sep 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i9.5807

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Main Article Content

Wen-Jan Tuan, DHA
Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Public Health Science, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-8979 Adriana Von Rago
College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
http://orcid.org/0009-0002-8027-0838 Christopher Heron, MD
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8245-2953 Michael Partin, MD
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
Kyle Burke, MD
Departments of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6322-8995 Grace Hwang http://orcid.org/0009-0008-3610-5214 Aleksandra E. Zgierska, MD, PhD http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-6003

Abstract

Despite advancement in vaccines and treatments for COVID-19 over time, many concerns remain about reinfection and waning immunity against COVID-19 and its variants, including among individuals treated with stimulants. The study aimed to evaluate the risk of COVID-19 reinfection and severe illness among adults prescribed stimulants compared to those not on stimulant therapy to elucidate the potential relationship of this therapy to the COVID-19 reinfection-related outcomes. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database consisting of over 2,563,130 adults (age ≥18 years) with COVID-19 infection from January 1, 2020 to April 30, 2022. COVID-19 reinfection was defined as a new COVID-19 illness documented ≥ 30 days after the initial infection. Logistic regression was applied to assess the odds ratios (ORs) of COVID-19 reinfection and severe illness course (presence of emergence department (ED), hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) care, mortality) within 30 days of reinfection, controlled for demographic and comorbid condition characteristics. Analysis revealed that adults who received at least three prescriptions for stimulants, compared to those without any stimulant prescriptions within six months prior to the initial COVID-19 illness, were more likely to be re-infected by COVID-19 (aOR=1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-1.41), but less likely to be treated in the ED (aOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.72-0.82), hospital (aOR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.63-0.82), ICU (aOR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.53-0.89), or die (aOR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.15-0.64) within 30 days of reinfection (all p-values < 0.01). The study offers additional insights into the potential risks and benefits of prescription stimulants to aid in clinical decision making for treating COVID-19 reinfection in adults on stimulant therapy.

Keywords: Prescription stimulant, COVID-19 reinfection, COVID-19 outcome

Article Details

How to Cite
TUAN, Wen-Jan et al. Assessing risk of COVID-19 reinfection and complications in adults treated with stimulant medications: A retrospective study using electronic health records. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 9, sep. 2024. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5807>. Date accessed: 27 dec. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i9.5807.
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Vol 12 No 9 (2024): Vol 12 No 9 (2024): September ISSUE, Issue 9, VOl.12
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Research Articles

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