Long COVID: A New World Post-COVID-19
Main Article Content
Abstract
N/A
Article Details
How to Cite
CAMARGO, Jose Augusto.
Long COVID: A New World Post-COVID-19.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 10, oct. 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5856>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i10.5856.
Section
Editorial
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
1. Camargo JA, Morcillo SA (2023) Post COVID-19 Parkinsonism: A Case Report. Ann Clin Med Case Rep 11: 1-4.
2. Naderi-Azad S, Vender R. Lessons from the First Wave of the Pandemic: Skin Features of COVID-19 Can Be Divided into Inflammatory and Vascular Patterns [Formula: see text]. J Cutan Med Surg. 2021;25(2):169-176.
3. Santonja C, Heras F, Núñez L, Requena L. COVID-19 chilblain-like lesion: immunohistochemical demonstration of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in blood vessel endothelium and sweat gland epithelium in a polymerase chain reaction-negative patient. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(4):778- 780.
4. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Rodríguez-Jiménez J, Cancela-Cilleruelo I, Guerrero-Peral A, Martín-Guerrero JD, García-Azorín D, Cornejo-Mazzuchelli A, Hernández-Barrera V, Pellicer-Valero OJ. Post-COVID-19 Symptoms 2 Years After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Hospitalized vs Nonhospitalized Patients. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Nov 1;5(11): e2242106. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.42106. PMID: 36378309; PMCID: PMC9667330.
5. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Long COVID: current definition. Infection. 2022;50(1):285-286.
6. Toubiana J, Poirault C, Corsia A, et al. Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: Prospective observational study. BMJ 2020; 369: m2094.
7. Peghin M, Palese A, Venturini M, et al. post-COVID-19 symptoms 6 months after acute infection among hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(10):1507-1513.
8. Zahra SA, Iddawela S, Pillai K, Choudhury RY, Harky A. Can symptoms of anosmia and dysgeusia be diagnostic for COVID-19? Brain Behav. 2020;10(11):e01839. doi:10.1002/brb3.1839.
9. Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P. Long COVID—mechanisms, risk factors, and management. BMJ. 2021;374:n1648. doi:10.1136/bmj. n164
10. Camargo, JA, MORCILLO, S. A. Post-COVID-19 Sydenham Chorea: A Case Report. THE OPEN NEUROLOGY JOURNAL, v. 17, p. 1-4, 2023.
11. Camargo JA; MORCILLO, S. A.; LIMA, B. S.Mental Health Disorder Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report. Journal of Psychiatry Research Reviews & Reports, v. 6, p. 3-3, 2024.
12. Notarte KI, Catahay JA, Velasco JV, et al. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: a systematic review. EClinicalMedicine. 2022; 53:101624. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101624
13. Sivan M, Parkin A, Makower S, Greenwood DC. Post-COVID syndrome symptoms, functional disability, and clinical severity phenotypes in hospitalized and nonhospitalized individuals: a cross-sectional evaluation from a community COVID rehabilitation service. J Med Virol. 2022;94(4):1419-1427. doi:10.1002/jmv.27456
14. Huang L, Li X, Gu X, et al.. Health outcomes in people 2 years after surviving hospitalisation with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10(9):863-876. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-87104-8
15. Lung fibrosis: Post-COVID-19 complications and evidence. Hirawati R, Jain N, Aslam Saifi M, Rachamalla M, Godugu C.Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Mar; 116:109418. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109418. Epub 2022 Nov 4. PMID: 36736220
16. Davis, H. E. et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. eClinicalMedicine 38, 101019 (2021).
17. Ballering, A. V., van Zon, S. K. R., Hartman, T. C. O. & Rosmalen, J. G. M. Persistence of somatic symptoms after COVID-19 in the Netherlands: an observational cohort study. Lancet 400, 452–461 (2022).
18. Harlow, B. L., Signorello, L. B., Hall, J. E., Dailey, C. & Komaroff, A. L. Reproductive correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome. Am. J. Med. 105, 94S–99S (1998).
19. Ding, T. et al. Analysis of ovarian injury associated with COVID-19 disease in reproductive-aged women in Wuhan, China: an observational study. Front. Med. 8, 635255 (2021).
20. Ceban, F. et al. Fatigue and cognitive impairment in post-COVID-19 syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav. Immun. 101, 93–135 (2022). Al-Aly, Z., Bowe, B. & Xie, Y. Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat. Med. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01840-0 (2022).
21. Tejerina, F. et al. post-COVID-19 syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in plasma, stool, and urine in patients with persistent symptoms after COVID-19. BMC Infect. Dis. 22, 211 (2022).
22. Ceulemans, L. J. et al. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in lung tissue after mild COVID-19. Lancet Respir. Med. 9, e78–e79 (2021).
23. Natarajan, A. et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA suggest prolonged gastrointestinal infection. Med 3, 371–387.e9 (2022).
24. Xie, Y. & Al-Aly, Z. Risks and burdens of incident diabetes in long COVID: a cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 10, 311–321 (2022).
25. Wang, E. Y. et al. Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. Nature 595, 283–288 (2021).
26. Merzon, E. et al. Clinical and socio-demographic variables associated with the diagnosis of long COVID syndrome in youth: a population-based study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19, 5993 (2022).
27. Boneva, R. S., Lin, J.-M. S. & Unger, E. R. Early menopause and other gynecologic risk indicators for chronic fatigue syndrome in women. Menopause 22, 826–834 (2015). 131. Kresch, E. et al. COVID-19 endothelial dysfunction can cause erectile dysfunction: histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of the human penis. World J. Mens Health 39, 466–469 (2021).
28. Ding, T. et al. Analysis of ovarian injury associated with COVID-19 disease in reproductive-aged women in Wuhan, China: an observational study. Front. Med. 8, 635255 (2021).
29. Kresch, E. et al. COVID-19 endothelial dysfunction can cause erectile dysfunction: histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of the human penis. World J. Mens Health 39, 466–469 (2021).
30. Maleki, B. H. & Tartibian, B. COVID-19 and male reproductive function: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Reproduction 161, 319–331 (2021).
31. Meringer, H. & Mehandru, S. Gastrointestinal post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19, 345–346 (2022).
32. Morrow, A. K. et al. Long-term COVID 19 sequelae in adolescents: the overlap with orthostatic intolerance and ME/CFS. Curr. Pediatr. Rep. 10, 31–44 (2022).
33. Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, Relan P, Diaz JV, on behalf of the WHO Clinical Case Definition Working Group on Post-COVID-19 Condition A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;22:e102–e107
34. Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:611–627.
35. Jacobsen PA, Andersen MP, Gislason G, et al. Return to work after COVID-19 infection—a Danish nationwide registry study. Public Health. 2022;203:116–122.
36. Pan F, Yang L, Liang B, et al. Chest CT patterns from diagnosis to 1 year of follow-up in patients with COVID-19. Radiology. 2022;302:709–719.
37. Seessle J, Waterboer T, Hippchen T, et al. Persistent symptoms in adult patients one year after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;74:1191–1198.
38. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Royal College of General Practitioners COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. Dec 18, 2020.
39. Bellan M, Soddu D, Balbo PE, et al. Respiratory and psychophysical sequelae among patients with COVID-19 four months after hospital discharge. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4 Bellan M, Soddu D, Balbo PE, et al. Respiratory and psychophysical sequelae among patients with COVID-19 four months after hospital discharge. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4
2. Naderi-Azad S, Vender R. Lessons from the First Wave of the Pandemic: Skin Features of COVID-19 Can Be Divided into Inflammatory and Vascular Patterns [Formula: see text]. J Cutan Med Surg. 2021;25(2):169-176.
3. Santonja C, Heras F, Núñez L, Requena L. COVID-19 chilblain-like lesion: immunohistochemical demonstration of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in blood vessel endothelium and sweat gland epithelium in a polymerase chain reaction-negative patient. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(4):778- 780.
4. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Rodríguez-Jiménez J, Cancela-Cilleruelo I, Guerrero-Peral A, Martín-Guerrero JD, García-Azorín D, Cornejo-Mazzuchelli A, Hernández-Barrera V, Pellicer-Valero OJ. Post-COVID-19 Symptoms 2 Years After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Hospitalized vs Nonhospitalized Patients. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Nov 1;5(11): e2242106. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.42106. PMID: 36378309; PMCID: PMC9667330.
5. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Long COVID: current definition. Infection. 2022;50(1):285-286.
6. Toubiana J, Poirault C, Corsia A, et al. Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: Prospective observational study. BMJ 2020; 369: m2094.
7. Peghin M, Palese A, Venturini M, et al. post-COVID-19 symptoms 6 months after acute infection among hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(10):1507-1513.
8. Zahra SA, Iddawela S, Pillai K, Choudhury RY, Harky A. Can symptoms of anosmia and dysgeusia be diagnostic for COVID-19? Brain Behav. 2020;10(11):e01839. doi:10.1002/brb3.1839.
9. Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P. Long COVID—mechanisms, risk factors, and management. BMJ. 2021;374:n1648. doi:10.1136/bmj. n164
10. Camargo, JA, MORCILLO, S. A. Post-COVID-19 Sydenham Chorea: A Case Report. THE OPEN NEUROLOGY JOURNAL, v. 17, p. 1-4, 2023.
11. Camargo JA; MORCILLO, S. A.; LIMA, B. S.Mental Health Disorder Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report. Journal of Psychiatry Research Reviews & Reports, v. 6, p. 3-3, 2024.
12. Notarte KI, Catahay JA, Velasco JV, et al. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: a systematic review. EClinicalMedicine. 2022; 53:101624. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101624
13. Sivan M, Parkin A, Makower S, Greenwood DC. Post-COVID syndrome symptoms, functional disability, and clinical severity phenotypes in hospitalized and nonhospitalized individuals: a cross-sectional evaluation from a community COVID rehabilitation service. J Med Virol. 2022;94(4):1419-1427. doi:10.1002/jmv.27456
14. Huang L, Li X, Gu X, et al.. Health outcomes in people 2 years after surviving hospitalisation with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10(9):863-876. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-87104-8
15. Lung fibrosis: Post-COVID-19 complications and evidence. Hirawati R, Jain N, Aslam Saifi M, Rachamalla M, Godugu C.Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Mar; 116:109418. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109418. Epub 2022 Nov 4. PMID: 36736220
16. Davis, H. E. et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. eClinicalMedicine 38, 101019 (2021).
17. Ballering, A. V., van Zon, S. K. R., Hartman, T. C. O. & Rosmalen, J. G. M. Persistence of somatic symptoms after COVID-19 in the Netherlands: an observational cohort study. Lancet 400, 452–461 (2022).
18. Harlow, B. L., Signorello, L. B., Hall, J. E., Dailey, C. & Komaroff, A. L. Reproductive correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome. Am. J. Med. 105, 94S–99S (1998).
19. Ding, T. et al. Analysis of ovarian injury associated with COVID-19 disease in reproductive-aged women in Wuhan, China: an observational study. Front. Med. 8, 635255 (2021).
20. Ceban, F. et al. Fatigue and cognitive impairment in post-COVID-19 syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav. Immun. 101, 93–135 (2022). Al-Aly, Z., Bowe, B. & Xie, Y. Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat. Med. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01840-0 (2022).
21. Tejerina, F. et al. post-COVID-19 syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in plasma, stool, and urine in patients with persistent symptoms after COVID-19. BMC Infect. Dis. 22, 211 (2022).
22. Ceulemans, L. J. et al. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in lung tissue after mild COVID-19. Lancet Respir. Med. 9, e78–e79 (2021).
23. Natarajan, A. et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA suggest prolonged gastrointestinal infection. Med 3, 371–387.e9 (2022).
24. Xie, Y. & Al-Aly, Z. Risks and burdens of incident diabetes in long COVID: a cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 10, 311–321 (2022).
25. Wang, E. Y. et al. Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. Nature 595, 283–288 (2021).
26. Merzon, E. et al. Clinical and socio-demographic variables associated with the diagnosis of long COVID syndrome in youth: a population-based study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19, 5993 (2022).
27. Boneva, R. S., Lin, J.-M. S. & Unger, E. R. Early menopause and other gynecologic risk indicators for chronic fatigue syndrome in women. Menopause 22, 826–834 (2015). 131. Kresch, E. et al. COVID-19 endothelial dysfunction can cause erectile dysfunction: histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of the human penis. World J. Mens Health 39, 466–469 (2021).
28. Ding, T. et al. Analysis of ovarian injury associated with COVID-19 disease in reproductive-aged women in Wuhan, China: an observational study. Front. Med. 8, 635255 (2021).
29. Kresch, E. et al. COVID-19 endothelial dysfunction can cause erectile dysfunction: histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of the human penis. World J. Mens Health 39, 466–469 (2021).
30. Maleki, B. H. & Tartibian, B. COVID-19 and male reproductive function: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Reproduction 161, 319–331 (2021).
31. Meringer, H. & Mehandru, S. Gastrointestinal post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19, 345–346 (2022).
32. Morrow, A. K. et al. Long-term COVID 19 sequelae in adolescents: the overlap with orthostatic intolerance and ME/CFS. Curr. Pediatr. Rep. 10, 31–44 (2022).
33. Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, Relan P, Diaz JV, on behalf of the WHO Clinical Case Definition Working Group on Post-COVID-19 Condition A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;22:e102–e107
34. Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:611–627.
35. Jacobsen PA, Andersen MP, Gislason G, et al. Return to work after COVID-19 infection—a Danish nationwide registry study. Public Health. 2022;203:116–122.
36. Pan F, Yang L, Liang B, et al. Chest CT patterns from diagnosis to 1 year of follow-up in patients with COVID-19. Radiology. 2022;302:709–719.
37. Seessle J, Waterboer T, Hippchen T, et al. Persistent symptoms in adult patients one year after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;74:1191–1198.
38. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Royal College of General Practitioners COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. Dec 18, 2020.
39. Bellan M, Soddu D, Balbo PE, et al. Respiratory and psychophysical sequelae among patients with COVID-19 four months after hospital discharge. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4 Bellan M, Soddu D, Balbo PE, et al. Respiratory and psychophysical sequelae among patients with COVID-19 four months after hospital discharge. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4