Abstract
Neurorehabilitation is an evolving area that seeks to improve life standards with functional restoration in neurological conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), neurodegenerative, and neuromuscular diseases. In this field, neurorehabilitation devices, which essentially target stimulation of the neural pathways to promote recovery and increase patient engagement, have been getting primary attention.
Emerging technologies in neurorehabilitation, particularly those that incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, provide a targeted and personalized approach that traditional rehabilitation methods struggle to achieve. Recent advancements in this field, such as but not limited to robotics (Robotic Assisted Therapy [RAT]) and exoskeletons, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) via direct neural control or neurofeedback, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS]), transcranial direct current stimulation [tDCS]), and remote monitoring through wearable sensors, are revolutionizing traditional methods. The integration of variable sensors for real-time monitoring enables dynamic therapy adjustments, further enhancing the potential of these technologies.
However, despite the variety and high potential features, challenges remain in adopting emerging technologies in neurorehabilitation. These include the difficulty of access, training requirements for patients and providers, and the crucial need for establishing reliable protocols and regulations before these technologies can be integrated into daily practice.
This review underscores the novelties and advancements in neurorehabilitation technologies, accentuating their potential to not just reshape but inspire the landscape and future of neurological recovery.