Arthroscopic-assisted lower trapezius tendon transfer for posterosuperior irreparable massive rotator cuff tears: Mid-term results Arthroscopic lower trapezius tendon transfer
Main Article Content
Santiago Ordoñez, MD
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-1469
Santiago Vanegas, MD
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-8960
Carlos Afanador, MD
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-4834
Oscar Alejandro Mejía, MD
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-288X
Juan Carlos Jaramillo, MD
http://orcid.org/0009-0008-1910-6952
Victor Alfonso Avendano, MD
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2976-3269
Ana Milena Herrera, MD. Ph.D.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7382-5631
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-1469
Santiago Vanegas, MD
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-8960
Carlos Afanador, MD
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-4834
Oscar Alejandro Mejía, MD
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-288X
Juan Carlos Jaramillo, MD
http://orcid.org/0009-0008-1910-6952
Victor Alfonso Avendano, MD
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2976-3269
Ana Milena Herrera, MD. Ph.D.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7382-5631
Abstract
Background: Massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears (MIRCTs) cause destabilization of the glenohumeral joint by altering the anteroposterior forces coupling, compromising the shoulder function, especially at the expense of the active external rotation and significant pain. Among the therapeutic alternatives, lower trapezius transfer has shown promising results in the short term, with only a few studies providing evidence of the lasting integrity of the repair.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to describe the mid-term clinical, radiologic, and patient-reported outcomes of lower trapezius transfer in patients with MIRCTs.
Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study of patients with MIRCT with more than six months of symptoms with no response to conservative management and treated with lower trapezius transfer in three specialized centers between 2018 and 2022. Data about the range of movement, imaging studies, functional assessment through the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and pain level evaluation through a visual analog scale was collected during follow-ups at 12, 24, 48, and 60 months. Descriptive and comparative analyses of before and after surgery outcomes are presented.
Results: Fifteen patients were included in the series, with a median age of 59 years and 66.7% males. At 48 and 60 months postoperatively, patients who were assessed presented significant improvement in the range of movement, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and pain level concerning the presurgical parameters. There was no retearing, and only one patient presented a 20% progression of glenohumeral arthrosis at about 30 months postoperatively.
Conclusion: Lower trapezius transfer in patients with MIRCTs showed satisfactory clinical, radiologic, and functional outcomes in the mid-term, with no retearing and very low progression of degenerative changes. These results provide evidence of the lasting effects of lower trapezius transfer in treating MIRCTs.
Keywords:
Rotator Cuff Injuries, Arthroscopy, Muscle, Trapezius, Tendon Transfer, Functional Status
Article Details
How to Cite
ORDOÑEZ, Santiago et al.
Arthroscopic-assisted lower trapezius tendon transfer for posterosuperior irreparable massive rotator cuff tears: Mid-term results.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 11, nov. 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5956>. Date accessed: 12 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i11.5956.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
1. Bedi A, Dines J, Warren RF, Dines DM. Massive tears of the rotator cuff. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2010;92(9):1894-1908. doi:10.2106/JBJS. I.01531
2. Zumstein MA, Jost B, Hempel J, Hodler J, Gerber C. The Clinical and Structural Long-Term Results of Open Repair of Massive Tears of the Rotator Cuff. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. 2008;90(11):2423-2431. doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.00677
3. GERBER C, FUCHS B, HODLER J. The Results of Repair of Massive Tears of the Rotator Cuff*†. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. 2000;82(4):505-515. doi:10.2106/000046 23-200004000-00006
4. Cofield RH, Parvizi J, Hoffmeyer PJ, Lanzer WL, Ilstrup DM, Rowland CM. Surgical Repair of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tears. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. 2001;83(1) :71-77. doi:10.2106/00004623-200101000-00010
5. Cofield RH. Subscapular muscle transposition for repair of chronic rotator cuff tears. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1982;154(5):667-672.
6. DeOrio JK, Cofield RH. Results of a second attempt at surgical repair of a failed initial rotator-cuff repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66(4):563-567.
7. Schumaier A, Kovacevic D, Schmidt C, et al. Defining massive rotator cuff tears: a Delphi consensus study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29(4):674-680. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2019.10.024
8. Sheth MM, Shah AA. Massive and Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Review of Current Definitions and Concepts. Orthop J Sports Med. 2023;11(5). doi:10.1177/23259671231154452
9. Burkhart SS. Arthroscopic treatment of massive rotator cuff tears. Clinical results and biomechanical rationale. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;(267):45-56.
10. Collin P, Matsumura N, Lädermann A, Denard PJ, Walch G. Relationship between massive chronic rotator cuff tear pattern and loss of active shoulder range of motion. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014;23 (8):1195-1202. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2013.11.019
11. Wagner ER, Elhassan BT. Surgical Management of Massive Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears: Arthroscopic-Assisted Lower Trapezius Transfer. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2020;13(5): 592-604. doi:10.1007/s12178-020-09657-5
12. Srikumaran U, Roden C, Rogusky E, Lapner P, Abboud J, Verma N. Subacromial Balloon Spacer versus Partial Repair for Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective, Randomized, Multi-center Trial. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021;9(7_suppl4):2325967 121S0024. doi:10.1177/2325967121S00244
13. Soderlund M, Boren M, O’Reilly A, San Juan A, Mahylis JM. Arthroscopic debridement for management of massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears: a systematic review of outcomes. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques. 2022;2(1):1-7. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2021.08.012
14. Montgomery TJ, Yerger B, Savoie FH. Management of rotator cuff tears: A comparison of arthroscopic debridement and surgical repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1994;3(2):70-78. doi:10.10 16/S1058-2746(09)80113-4
15. Holschen M, Brand F, Agneskirchner JD. Subacromial spacer implantation for massive rotator cuff tears. Obere Extrem. 2017;12(1):38-45. doi:10.1007/s11678-016-0386-9
16. Burkhart SS, Nottage WM, Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Kohn HS, Pachelli A. Partial repair of irreparable rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 1994;10(4):363-370. doi:10.1016/S0749-8063(05)80186-0
17. Porcellini G, Castagna A, Cesari E, Merolla G, Pellegrini A, Paladini P. Partial repair of irreparable supraspinatus tendon tears: clinical and radiographic evaluations at long-term follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011;20(7):1170-1177. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2010.11.002
18. Farazdaghi A, Paschos NK, Kelly JD. Comparison between partial and full coverage repair in massive rotator cuff tears. A minimum five year follow-up. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research. 2021;107(4):102911. doi:10. 1016/j.otsr.2021.102911
19. Burkhart SS, Denard PJ, Adams CR, Brady PC, Hartzler RU. Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthrosc Tech. 2016;5(6):e1407-e1418. doi:10.1016/j.eats.2016.08.024
20. Kim DM, Shin MJ, Kim H, et al. Comparison Between Autografts and Allografts in Superior Capsular Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Outcomes. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(3):23259 6712090493. doi:10.1177/2325967120904937
21. Kim D, Um J, Lee J, Kim J. Improved Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes Seen after Superior Capsule Reconstruction using Long Head Biceps Tendon Autograft. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2021;37(9):2756-2767. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2021.04.006
22. Hartzler RU, Barlow JD, An KN, Elhassan BT. Biomechanical effectiveness of different types of tendon transfers to the shoulder for external rotation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012;21(10):1370-1376. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2012.01.026
23. Velasquez Garcia A, Nieboer MJ, de Marinis R, Morrey ME, Valenti P, Sanchez-Sotelo J. Mid- to long-term outcomes of latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for massive irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024;33(4):959-974. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2023.10.002
24. Clouette J, Leroux T, Shanmugaraj A, et al. The lower trapezius transfer: a systematic review of biomechanical data, techniques, and clinical outcomes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29(7):150 5-1512. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2019.12.019
25. Cartucho A. Tendon transfers for massive rotator cuff tears. EFORT Open Rev. 2022;7(6):404-413. doi:10.1530/EOR-22-0023
26. Oh JH, Tilan J, Chen YJ, Chung KC, McGarry MH, Lee TQ. Biomechanical effect of latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for irreparable massive cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22(2):150-157. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2012.01.022
27. Galasso O, Mantovani M, Muraccini M, et al. The latissimus dorsi tendon functions as an external rotator after arthroscopic-assisted transfer for massive irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2020;28(7):2367-2376. doi:10.1007/s 00167-019-05819-2
28. Longo UG, Franceschetti E, Petrillo S, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2011;19(4):428-437. doi:10.1097/ JSA.0b013e3182390639
29. Reddy A, Gulotta L V., Chen X, et al. Biomechanics of lower trapezius and latissimus dorsi transfers in rotator cuff–deficient shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019;28(7):1257-1264. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.11.066
30. Muench LN, Berthold DP, Kia C, et al. Biomechanical comparison of lower trapezius and latissimus dorsi transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears using a dynamic shoulder model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2022;31 (11):2392-2401. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2022.05.003
31. Baek CH, Kim BT, Kim JG, Kim SJ. Mid-term outcomes of arthroscopically assisted lower trapezius tendon transfer using Achilles allograft in treatment of posterior-superior irreparable rotator cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024;33(6):1293-1305. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2023.09.013
32. Elhassan BT, Wagner ER, Werthel JD. Outcome of lower trapezius transfer to reconstruct massive irreparable posterior-superior rotator cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(8):1346-1353. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2015.12.006
33. Marigi EM, Jackowski JR, Elahi MA, et al. Improved Yet Varied Clinical Outcomes Observed With Comparison of Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction Versus Arthroscopy-Assisted Lower Trapezius Transfer for Patients With Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Arthroscopy - Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery. 2023;39(10) :2133-2141. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2023.04.012
34. Somerson JS, Hsu JE, Gorbaty JD, Gee AO. Classifications in Brief: Goutallier Classification of Fatty Infiltration of the Rotator Cuff Musculature. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;474(5):1328-1332. doi:10.1007/s11999-015-4630-1
35. Elhassan BT, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Wagner ER. Outcome of arthroscopically assisted lower trapezius transfer to reconstruct massive irreparable posterior-superior rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29(10):2135-2142. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2020.02.018
36. Wagner ER, Woodmass JM, Welp KM, et al. Novel arthroscopic tendon transfers for posterosuperior rotator cuff tears latissimus dorsi and lower trapezius transfers. JBJS Essent Surg Tech. 2018;8(2). doi:10.2106/JBJS.ST.17.00062
37. Gerber C. Latissimus Dorsi Transfer for the Treatment of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2006;88(1):113. doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.00282
38. Memon M, Kay J, Quick E, et al. Arthroscopic-Assisted Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(6):23259671187777 3. doi:10.1177/2325967118777735
39. Gerber C, Rahm SA, Catanzaro S, Farshad M, Moor BK. Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Treatment of Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2013;95(21):1920-1926. doi:10.2106/JBJS.M.00122
40. Waltenspül M, Jochum B, Filli L, et al. Mid-term results of arthroscopically assisted latissimus dorsi transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021;30 (11):e676-e688. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2021.03.149
41. El-Azab HM, Rott O, Irlenbusch U. Long-Term Follow-up After Latissimus Dorsi Transfer for Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2015;97(6):462-469. doi:10.2106/JBJS.M.00235
42. Elhassan B, Bishop A, Shin A. Trapezius Transfer to Restore External Rotation in a Patient with a Brachial Plexus Injury. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. 2009;91(4): 939-944. doi:10.2106/JBJS.H.00745
43. Sanchez-Sotelo J. Lower Trapezius Transfer for Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2024;17(4):93-100. doi:10.1007/s12178-024-09885-z
44. Ye L, Han D, Zhang Q, Yang X, Tung TH, Zhou X. Early Efficacy Assessment of Arthroscopic Lower Trapezius Transfer With Tendon Autograft in the Management of Massive Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears. Front Surg. 2022;8. doi:10.3389 /fsurg.2021.796359
45. Valenti P, Werthel JD. Lower trapezius transfer with semitendinosus tendon augmentation. Obere Extrem. 2018;13(4):261-268. doi:10.1007/s11678-018-0495-8
46. Chopra A, Wright MA, Murthi AM. Outcomes after arthroscopically assisted lower trapezius transfer with Achilles tendon allograft. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024;33(2):321-327. doi:10.1016/j.jse. 2023.06.029
47. Clark NJ, Elhassan B. Tendon Transfer for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2018;26(1):58-69. doi:10.1053/j.otsm.2017.10.009
48. Omid R, Heckmann N, Wang L, McGarry MH, Vangsness CT, Lee TQ. Biomechanical comparison between the trapezius transfer and latissimus transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(10):1635-1643. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2015.02.008
49. Stoll LE, Codding JL. Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 2019;50 (3):375-382. doi:10.1016/j.ocl.2019.03.004
50. Baek CH, Lee DH, Kim JG. Latissimus dorsi transfer vs. lower trapezius transfer for posterosuperior irreparable rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2022;31(9):1810-1822. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.02.020
51. Marigi EM, Johnson QJ, Dholakia R, Borah BJ, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Sperling JW. Cost comparison and complication profiles of superior capsular reconstruction, lower trapezius transfer, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty for irreparable rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2022;3 1(4):847-854. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2021.08.027
52. Omid R, Cavallero MJ, Granholm D, Villacis DC, Yi AM. Surgical anatomy of the lower trapezius tendon transfer. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(9) :1353-1358. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2014.12.033
53. Herzberg G, Urien JP, Dimnet J. Potential excursion and relative tension of muscles in the shoulder girdle: Relevance to tendon transfers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999;8(5):430-437. doi:10. 1016/S1058-2746(99)90072-1
54. Tang J, Zhao J. Arthroscopic Humeral Bone Tunnel–Based Tendon Grafting and Trapezius Transfer for Irreparable Posterior Superior Rotator Cuff Tear. Arthrosc Tech. 2021;10(4):e1079-e1087. doi:10.1016/j.eats.2020.12.011
55. Namdari S, Voleti P, Baldwin K, Glaser D, Huffman GR. Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2012;94(10):891-898. doi:10.2106/ JBJS.K.00841
2. Zumstein MA, Jost B, Hempel J, Hodler J, Gerber C. The Clinical and Structural Long-Term Results of Open Repair of Massive Tears of the Rotator Cuff. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. 2008;90(11):2423-2431. doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.00677
3. GERBER C, FUCHS B, HODLER J. The Results of Repair of Massive Tears of the Rotator Cuff*†. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. 2000;82(4):505-515. doi:10.2106/000046 23-200004000-00006
4. Cofield RH, Parvizi J, Hoffmeyer PJ, Lanzer WL, Ilstrup DM, Rowland CM. Surgical Repair of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tears. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. 2001;83(1) :71-77. doi:10.2106/00004623-200101000-00010
5. Cofield RH. Subscapular muscle transposition for repair of chronic rotator cuff tears. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1982;154(5):667-672.
6. DeOrio JK, Cofield RH. Results of a second attempt at surgical repair of a failed initial rotator-cuff repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66(4):563-567.
7. Schumaier A, Kovacevic D, Schmidt C, et al. Defining massive rotator cuff tears: a Delphi consensus study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29(4):674-680. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2019.10.024
8. Sheth MM, Shah AA. Massive and Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Review of Current Definitions and Concepts. Orthop J Sports Med. 2023;11(5). doi:10.1177/23259671231154452
9. Burkhart SS. Arthroscopic treatment of massive rotator cuff tears. Clinical results and biomechanical rationale. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;(267):45-56.
10. Collin P, Matsumura N, Lädermann A, Denard PJ, Walch G. Relationship between massive chronic rotator cuff tear pattern and loss of active shoulder range of motion. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014;23 (8):1195-1202. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2013.11.019
11. Wagner ER, Elhassan BT. Surgical Management of Massive Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears: Arthroscopic-Assisted Lower Trapezius Transfer. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2020;13(5): 592-604. doi:10.1007/s12178-020-09657-5
12. Srikumaran U, Roden C, Rogusky E, Lapner P, Abboud J, Verma N. Subacromial Balloon Spacer versus Partial Repair for Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective, Randomized, Multi-center Trial. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021;9(7_suppl4):2325967 121S0024. doi:10.1177/2325967121S00244
13. Soderlund M, Boren M, O’Reilly A, San Juan A, Mahylis JM. Arthroscopic debridement for management of massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears: a systematic review of outcomes. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques. 2022;2(1):1-7. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2021.08.012
14. Montgomery TJ, Yerger B, Savoie FH. Management of rotator cuff tears: A comparison of arthroscopic debridement and surgical repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1994;3(2):70-78. doi:10.10 16/S1058-2746(09)80113-4
15. Holschen M, Brand F, Agneskirchner JD. Subacromial spacer implantation for massive rotator cuff tears. Obere Extrem. 2017;12(1):38-45. doi:10.1007/s11678-016-0386-9
16. Burkhart SS, Nottage WM, Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Kohn HS, Pachelli A. Partial repair of irreparable rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 1994;10(4):363-370. doi:10.1016/S0749-8063(05)80186-0
17. Porcellini G, Castagna A, Cesari E, Merolla G, Pellegrini A, Paladini P. Partial repair of irreparable supraspinatus tendon tears: clinical and radiographic evaluations at long-term follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011;20(7):1170-1177. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2010.11.002
18. Farazdaghi A, Paschos NK, Kelly JD. Comparison between partial and full coverage repair in massive rotator cuff tears. A minimum five year follow-up. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research. 2021;107(4):102911. doi:10. 1016/j.otsr.2021.102911
19. Burkhart SS, Denard PJ, Adams CR, Brady PC, Hartzler RU. Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthrosc Tech. 2016;5(6):e1407-e1418. doi:10.1016/j.eats.2016.08.024
20. Kim DM, Shin MJ, Kim H, et al. Comparison Between Autografts and Allografts in Superior Capsular Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Outcomes. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(3):23259 6712090493. doi:10.1177/2325967120904937
21. Kim D, Um J, Lee J, Kim J. Improved Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes Seen after Superior Capsule Reconstruction using Long Head Biceps Tendon Autograft. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2021;37(9):2756-2767. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2021.04.006
22. Hartzler RU, Barlow JD, An KN, Elhassan BT. Biomechanical effectiveness of different types of tendon transfers to the shoulder for external rotation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012;21(10):1370-1376. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2012.01.026
23. Velasquez Garcia A, Nieboer MJ, de Marinis R, Morrey ME, Valenti P, Sanchez-Sotelo J. Mid- to long-term outcomes of latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for massive irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024;33(4):959-974. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2023.10.002
24. Clouette J, Leroux T, Shanmugaraj A, et al. The lower trapezius transfer: a systematic review of biomechanical data, techniques, and clinical outcomes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29(7):150 5-1512. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2019.12.019
25. Cartucho A. Tendon transfers for massive rotator cuff tears. EFORT Open Rev. 2022;7(6):404-413. doi:10.1530/EOR-22-0023
26. Oh JH, Tilan J, Chen YJ, Chung KC, McGarry MH, Lee TQ. Biomechanical effect of latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for irreparable massive cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22(2):150-157. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2012.01.022
27. Galasso O, Mantovani M, Muraccini M, et al. The latissimus dorsi tendon functions as an external rotator after arthroscopic-assisted transfer for massive irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2020;28(7):2367-2376. doi:10.1007/s 00167-019-05819-2
28. Longo UG, Franceschetti E, Petrillo S, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2011;19(4):428-437. doi:10.1097/ JSA.0b013e3182390639
29. Reddy A, Gulotta L V., Chen X, et al. Biomechanics of lower trapezius and latissimus dorsi transfers in rotator cuff–deficient shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019;28(7):1257-1264. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.11.066
30. Muench LN, Berthold DP, Kia C, et al. Biomechanical comparison of lower trapezius and latissimus dorsi transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears using a dynamic shoulder model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2022;31 (11):2392-2401. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2022.05.003
31. Baek CH, Kim BT, Kim JG, Kim SJ. Mid-term outcomes of arthroscopically assisted lower trapezius tendon transfer using Achilles allograft in treatment of posterior-superior irreparable rotator cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024;33(6):1293-1305. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2023.09.013
32. Elhassan BT, Wagner ER, Werthel JD. Outcome of lower trapezius transfer to reconstruct massive irreparable posterior-superior rotator cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(8):1346-1353. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2015.12.006
33. Marigi EM, Jackowski JR, Elahi MA, et al. Improved Yet Varied Clinical Outcomes Observed With Comparison of Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction Versus Arthroscopy-Assisted Lower Trapezius Transfer for Patients With Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Arthroscopy - Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery. 2023;39(10) :2133-2141. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2023.04.012
34. Somerson JS, Hsu JE, Gorbaty JD, Gee AO. Classifications in Brief: Goutallier Classification of Fatty Infiltration of the Rotator Cuff Musculature. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;474(5):1328-1332. doi:10.1007/s11999-015-4630-1
35. Elhassan BT, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Wagner ER. Outcome of arthroscopically assisted lower trapezius transfer to reconstruct massive irreparable posterior-superior rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29(10):2135-2142. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2020.02.018
36. Wagner ER, Woodmass JM, Welp KM, et al. Novel arthroscopic tendon transfers for posterosuperior rotator cuff tears latissimus dorsi and lower trapezius transfers. JBJS Essent Surg Tech. 2018;8(2). doi:10.2106/JBJS.ST.17.00062
37. Gerber C. Latissimus Dorsi Transfer for the Treatment of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2006;88(1):113. doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.00282
38. Memon M, Kay J, Quick E, et al. Arthroscopic-Assisted Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(6):23259671187777 3. doi:10.1177/2325967118777735
39. Gerber C, Rahm SA, Catanzaro S, Farshad M, Moor BK. Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Treatment of Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2013;95(21):1920-1926. doi:10.2106/JBJS.M.00122
40. Waltenspül M, Jochum B, Filli L, et al. Mid-term results of arthroscopically assisted latissimus dorsi transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021;30 (11):e676-e688. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2021.03.149
41. El-Azab HM, Rott O, Irlenbusch U. Long-Term Follow-up After Latissimus Dorsi Transfer for Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2015;97(6):462-469. doi:10.2106/JBJS.M.00235
42. Elhassan B, Bishop A, Shin A. Trapezius Transfer to Restore External Rotation in a Patient with a Brachial Plexus Injury. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. 2009;91(4): 939-944. doi:10.2106/JBJS.H.00745
43. Sanchez-Sotelo J. Lower Trapezius Transfer for Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2024;17(4):93-100. doi:10.1007/s12178-024-09885-z
44. Ye L, Han D, Zhang Q, Yang X, Tung TH, Zhou X. Early Efficacy Assessment of Arthroscopic Lower Trapezius Transfer With Tendon Autograft in the Management of Massive Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears. Front Surg. 2022;8. doi:10.3389 /fsurg.2021.796359
45. Valenti P, Werthel JD. Lower trapezius transfer with semitendinosus tendon augmentation. Obere Extrem. 2018;13(4):261-268. doi:10.1007/s11678-018-0495-8
46. Chopra A, Wright MA, Murthi AM. Outcomes after arthroscopically assisted lower trapezius transfer with Achilles tendon allograft. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024;33(2):321-327. doi:10.1016/j.jse. 2023.06.029
47. Clark NJ, Elhassan B. Tendon Transfer for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2018;26(1):58-69. doi:10.1053/j.otsm.2017.10.009
48. Omid R, Heckmann N, Wang L, McGarry MH, Vangsness CT, Lee TQ. Biomechanical comparison between the trapezius transfer and latissimus transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(10):1635-1643. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2015.02.008
49. Stoll LE, Codding JL. Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 2019;50 (3):375-382. doi:10.1016/j.ocl.2019.03.004
50. Baek CH, Lee DH, Kim JG. Latissimus dorsi transfer vs. lower trapezius transfer for posterosuperior irreparable rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2022;31(9):1810-1822. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.02.020
51. Marigi EM, Johnson QJ, Dholakia R, Borah BJ, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Sperling JW. Cost comparison and complication profiles of superior capsular reconstruction, lower trapezius transfer, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty for irreparable rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2022;3 1(4):847-854. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2021.08.027
52. Omid R, Cavallero MJ, Granholm D, Villacis DC, Yi AM. Surgical anatomy of the lower trapezius tendon transfer. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(9) :1353-1358. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2014.12.033
53. Herzberg G, Urien JP, Dimnet J. Potential excursion and relative tension of muscles in the shoulder girdle: Relevance to tendon transfers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999;8(5):430-437. doi:10. 1016/S1058-2746(99)90072-1
54. Tang J, Zhao J. Arthroscopic Humeral Bone Tunnel–Based Tendon Grafting and Trapezius Transfer for Irreparable Posterior Superior Rotator Cuff Tear. Arthrosc Tech. 2021;10(4):e1079-e1087. doi:10.1016/j.eats.2020.12.011
55. Namdari S, Voleti P, Baldwin K, Glaser D, Huffman GR. Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2012;94(10):891-898. doi:10.2106/ JBJS.K.00841