Potassium channels in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma accounts for approximately 90% of pancreatic cancers and has a very poor prognosis.  Several K⁺ channels have been suggested as hallmarks for adenocarcinoma.  This review focuses on molecular candidates of functional K⁺ channels in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, including KCNN4 (K_Ca3.1), KCNJ3 (K_ir3.1), KCNA3 (K_v1.3), KCNA5 (K_v1.5), KCNH1 (K_v10.1), and KCNK5 (K_2P5.1).  We provide an overview of K⁺ channels with respect to their electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics and tissue expression, in addition to their identification and functions in pancreatic adenocarcinomas.  We conclude by discussing some outstanding questions and future directions in pancreatic K⁺ channel research with respect to the treatment of pancreatic cancer.