Investigation of the Relationships Between Digital Games and Neuropsychological Test Scores and Cognitive Functions
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationships between digital games and neuropsychological test scores (card sorting, verbal memory and digit span tests). The study was designed using the descriptive cross-sectional research method. Data were collected from a total of 117 volunteering university students at a state university. Of all the participants, 66.9% of them were women, and 33.1% were men. The mean age of the participants was calculated as 21.3 years. In the study, demographic variables were determined, and data on games were collected from the participants. In addition within the scope of neuropsychological tests, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Öktem Verbal Memory Processes Test and Digit Span Test were used. The results of the study revealed that the neuropsychological test scores did not show a significant difference in terms of digital game players/non-players and game types.
Keywords:
Neuropsychological test; Digital game, Video game, Cognitive functions
Article Details
How to Cite
GUNUC, Selim; KOYLU, Ersin Oğuz.
Investigation of the Relationships Between Digital Games and Neuropsychological Test Scores and Cognitive Functions.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 10, oct. 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/6001>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i10.6001.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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40. Dobrowolski P, Hanusz K, Sobczyk B, Skorko M, Wiatrow A. Cognitive enhancement in video game players: The role of video game genre. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2015;44:59-63.
41. Homer BD, Plass JL, Rose MC, MacNamara AP, Pawar S, Ober TM. Activating adolescents’ “hot” executive functions in a digital game to train cognitive skills: The effects of age and prior abilities. Cognitive Development. 2019;49:20-32.
2. Maheu-Cadotte MA, Cossette S, Dube V, et al. Effectiveness of serious games and impact of design elements on engagement and educational outcomes in healthcare professionals and students: A systematic review and meta analysis protocol. BMJ Open. 2018;8(3):e019871.
3. Gunuc S, Yılmaz E. EYVAH! Çocuğum oyun bağımlısı mı? Ankara: Eğiten Kitap Yayıncılık. 2021.
4. Gunuc S, Peer Influence in Internet and Digital Game Addicted Adolescents: Is Internet / Digital Game Addiction Contagious? International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction. 2017;6(2):1-20.
5. Huang WH. Evaluating learners’ motivational and cognitive processing in an online game-based learning environment. Computer in Human Behavior. 2011;27(2):694-704.
6. Papastergiou M. Digital game-based learning in high school computer science education: Impact on educational effectiveness and student motivation. Computers & Education. 2009;52(1):1-12.
7. Woo JC. Digital Game-Based Learning Supports Student Motivation, Cognitive Success, and Performance Outcomes. Educational Technology & Society, 2014;17(3):291-307.
8. Gunawardhana PD, Palaniappan S. Psychology of Digital Games and Its Effects to Its Users. Creative Education. 2015;06:1726-1732.
9. Zelinski EM, Reyes R. Cognitive benefits of computer games for older adults. Gerontechnology. 2009;8(4):220-235.
10. Podlogar N, Podlesek A. Comparison of mental rotation ability, attentional capacity and cognitive flexibility in action video gamers and non-gamers. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace. 2022;16(2):Article 8.
11. Dobrowolski P, Skorko M, Myśliwiec M, et al. Perceptual, Attentional, and Executive Functioning After Real-Time Strategy Video Game Training: Efficacy and Relation to In-Game Behavior. J Cogn Enhanc. 2021;5:397-410.
12. Green CS, Bavelier D. Exercising your brain: A review of human brain plasticity and training-induced learning. Psychology and Aging. 2008 23(4):692-701.
13. Anguera JA, Boccanfuso J, Rintoul, JL, et al. Video game training enhances cognitive control in older adults. Nature. 2013;501(7465):97-101.
14. Homer BD, Plass JL, Raffaele C, Ober TM, Ali A. Improving high school students’ executive functions through digital game play. Computers & Education. 2018;117:50-58.
15. Parong J, Mayer RE, Fiorella L, MacNamara A, Homer BD, Plass JL. Learning executive function skills by playing focused video games. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 2017;51:141-151.
16. Boot WR, Kramer AF, Simons DJ, Fabiani M, Gratton G. The effects of video game playing on attention, memory, and executive control. Acta Psychol. 2008;129:387-398.
17. Mayer RE. Computer games for learning: An evidence-based approach (1st ed.) MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.2014.
18. Powers KL, Brooks PJ, Aldrich NJ, Palladino MA, Alfieri L. Effects of video-game play on information processing: A meta-analytic investigation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2013;20:1055-1079.
19. Cain MS, Landau AN, Shimamura AP. Action video game experience reduces the cost of switching tasks. Atten Percept Psychophys. 2012;74(4):641-647.
20. Green CS, Bavelier D. Action video game modifies visual selective attention. Nature. 2003; 423:534-537.
21. Green CS, Bavelier D. Effect of action video games on the spatial distribution of visuospatial attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Human Perception and Performance. 2006;32(6) :1465-1478.
22. McDermott AF, Bavelier D, Green CS. Memory abilities in action video game players. Computers in Human Behavior. 2014;34:69-78.
23. Chuang TY, Chen WF. Effect of Digital Games on Children’s Cognitive Achievement. Journal of Multimedia. 2007;2(5):27-30.
24. Chaarani B, Ortigara J, Yuan D, Loso H, Potter A, Garavan H. Association of Video Gaming with Cognitive Performance among Children. JAMA Netw. 2022;5:e2235721.
25. Barlett CP, Vowels CL, Shanteau J, Crow J, Miller T. The effect of violent and non-violent computer games on cognitive performance. Computers in Human Behavior. 2009;25(1):96-102.
26. Colzato LS, van Leeuwen PJA, van den Wildenberg, WPM, Hommel B. DOOM'd to switch: superior cognitive flexibility in players of first person shooter games. Frontiers in Psychology. 2010;1: DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00008.
27. Maillot P, Perrot A, Hartley A. Effects of interactive physical-activity video-game training on physical and cognitive function in older adults. Psychol. Aging. 2012;27:589.
28. Best JR, Miller P. A developmental perspective on executive function. Child Development. 2010; 81(6):1641-1660.
29. Diamond A, Lee K. Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4-12 years old. Science. 2011;333(6045):959-964.
30. Piaget J. Play, dreams and imitation in childhood. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.1962.
31. Plass JL, Homer BD, Kinzer CK. Foundations of game-based learning. Educational Psychologist. 2015;50(4):258-283.
32. Reynaldo C, Christian R, Hosea H, Gunawan AAS. Using Video Games to Improve Capabilities in Decision Making and Cognitive Skill: A Literature Review. Procedia Comput. Sci. 2021;179: 211-221.
33. Ihudiebube-Splendor CN, Chikeme PC. A descriptive cross-sectional study: Practical and
feasible design in investigating health care–seeking behaviors of undergraduates. SAGE Research Methods Cases.2020 https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781529742862
34. Berg EA, A simple objective technique for measuring flexibility in thinking. J Gen Psychol. 1948;39:15-22.
35. Heaton RK, Chelune GJ, Talley JL, Kay GG, Curtiss G. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual: Revised and expanded. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc. 1993.
36. Karakaş S, Irak M, Kurt M, Erzengin U. Wisconsin kart eşleme testi ve stroop testi tbag formu: Ölçülen özellikler açısından karşılaştırmalı analiz. Psikiyatri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmokoloji Dergisi. 1999;7(3):179-192.
37. Öktem TÖ. Öktem Sözel Bellek Süreçleri Testi (ÖKTEM SBST) El Kitabı, Birinci Baskı, Ankara, Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.2011.
38. Wechsler DA. Manual for the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation. 1987.
39. Karakaş S. Bilnot Bataryası El Kitabı: Nöropsikolojik Testler için Araştırma ve Geliştirme Çalışmaları. Ankara: Dizayn Ofset.2004.
40. Dobrowolski P, Hanusz K, Sobczyk B, Skorko M, Wiatrow A. Cognitive enhancement in video game players: The role of video game genre. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2015;44:59-63.
41. Homer BD, Plass JL, Rose MC, MacNamara AP, Pawar S, Ober TM. Activating adolescents’ “hot” executive functions in a digital game to train cognitive skills: The effects of age and prior abilities. Cognitive Development. 2019;49:20-32.