Medical Ultrasound Imaging: Ultrafast Beamforming Algorithms for Real-Time and High-Quality Imaging
Main Article Content
Abstract
Medical ultrasound imaging is a prevalent diagnostic instrument in the field of medicine. Beamforming is a signal processing methodology employed to improve the efficacy of imaging systems, especially in medical ultrasound imaging. Ultrafast (UF) beamforming algorithms (BAs) are designed to improve the speed and efficiency of beamforming operations. Ultrasound imaging algorithms have been devised to enhance the quality and efficiency of ultrasound imaging. This article will provide an overview of the research on UF medical ultrasound algorithms. We will also explore some recent developments in the field of UF beamforming algorithms.
This article discusses the development and implementation of UF-BAs for medical ultrasound imaging. Traditional beamforming techniques are computationally intensive and limit the real-time imaging capability of ultrasound systems. The algorithms discussed in the article leverage modern parallel computing architectures to reduce processing time while maintaining image quality significantly. The article presents a detailed analysis of the algorithm's performance in processing time and image quality using simulated and accurate data. The article discusses how various UF-BAs can provide real-time high-quality images facilitating novel uses in medical ultrasound imaging. The prospective advantages of these algorithms for clinical use and future research trajectories are investigated as well.
Keywords:
Ultra-fast Imaging, Ultrafast Beamformer, Parallel beamformer, Real-Time Imaging, Signal Processing, High frame rate, High-Performance Computing, Ultrasound imaging, Parallel Computing, Computational Efficiency, Fast Imaging, Super-resolution imaging
Article Details
How to Cite
SG, Sreejeesh; R, Sakthivel; KIDAV, Jayaraj U..
Medical Ultrasound Imaging: Ultrafast Beamforming Algorithms for Real-Time and High-Quality Imaging.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 12, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/6177>. Date accessed: 06 jan. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i12.6177.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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2. 2020-2021 Index IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Vol. 68. (2021). IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 68(12), 3753–3840. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3136764
3. Bercoff, J., Montaldo, G., Loupas, T., Savery, D., Mézière, F., Fink, M., & Tanter, M. (2011b). Ultrafast compound doppler imaging: providing full blood flow characterization. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 58(1), 134–147. https://doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2011.1780
4. Demi, L. (2018). Practical Guide to Ultrasound Beam Forming: Beam Pattern and Image Reconstruction Analysis. Applied Sciences, 8(9), 1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8091544
5. Sg, S., Sakthivel, R., & Kidav, J. U. (2019). Beamforming Algorithm Architectures for Medical Ultrasound. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(12), 2452–2459. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l2556.1081219
6. Kidav, J. U., & G, S. S. (2021). An FPGA-Accelerated Parallel Digital Beamforming Core for Medical Ultrasound Sector Imaging. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 69(2), 553–564. https://doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2021.3126578
7. Ibrahim, A., Hager, P. A., Bartolini, A., Angiolini, F., Arditi, M., Thiran, J., Benini, L., & De Micheli, G. (2017). Efficient Sample Delay Calculation for 2-D and 3-D Ultrasound Imaging. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 11(4), 815–831. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2017.2673547
8. Schneider, F., Agarwal, A., Yoo, N. Y. M., Fukuoka, T., & Kim, N. Y. (2009). A Fully Programmable Computing Architecture for Medical Ultrasound Machines. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 14(2), 538–540. https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2009.2025653
9. Kidav, J. U., Sivamangai, N. M., Pillai, M. P., & M, S. R. (2018). Architecture and FPGA prototype of cycle stealing DMA array signal processor for ultrasound sector imaging systems. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 64, 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2018.10.005
10. Karaman, M., Kolagasioglu, E., & Atalar, A. (1992). A VLSI receive beamformer for digital ultrasound imaging. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 657–660 vol.5. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1992.226510
11. Thomenius, K. (2002). Evolution of ultrasound beamformers. Proc. IEEE Ultrason. Symp., 1996, Pp. 1615–1622., 2, 1615–1622. https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1996.584398
12. Deylami, A. M., Jensen, J. A., & Asl, B. M. (2016). An improved minimum variance beamforming applied to plane-wave imaging in medical ultrasound. 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 57, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2016.7728895
13. Capon, J. (1969). High-resolution frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis. Proceedings of the IEEE, 57(8), 1408–1418. https://doi.org/10.1109/proc.1969.7278
14. Jensen, J. A., Kortbek, J., Nikolov, S., Hemmsen, M. C., & Tomov, B. G. (2010). Implementing Synthetic Aperture Imaging in Medical Ultrasound: The Dual Stage Beamformer Approach. Synthetic Aperture Radar (EUSAR), 2010 8th European Conference On, 1–4. https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/4629826/paper%5B1%5D.pdf
15. Jorgen Arendt Jensen, Svetoslav Ivanov Nikolov, Kim Lokke Gammelmark, Morten Hogholm Pedersen, Synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging,Ultrasonics,Volume 44, Supplement,2006,Pagese5-e15,ISSN0041 624X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.07.017
16. Nili, V. A., Ezati, M., Yan, Y., Kavehvash, Z., & Mehrmohammadi, M. (2022). Field of View and Resolution Improvement in Coprime Sparse Synthetic Aperture Ultrasound Imaging. 2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 34, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ius54386.2022.9957167
17. Cheng, S., Yu, J., Guo, X., Ta, D., & Xu, K. (2022). Nonlinear Simulation of Modulation Pulse Sequencing for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Imaging. 2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ius54386.2022.9957327
18. Stanziola, A., Toulemonde, M., Yildiz, Y. O., Eckersley, R. J., & Tang, M. (2016). Ultrasound Imaging with Microbubbles [Life Sciences]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 33(2), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2015.2496914
19. Sridharan, A., Eisenbrey, J. R., Stanczak, M., Daecher, A., Machado, P., Wilkes, A., Sevrukov, A., Ojeda-Fournier, H., Mattrey, R. F., Wallace, K., & Forsberg, F. (2016). Contrast-enhanced nonlinear 3D ultrasound imaging of breast lesions in a clinical population. 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2016.7728798
20. Moubark, A. M., Nie, L., Cowell, D. M. J., Ali, S. H. M., & Freear, S. (2019). A New Nonlinear Compounding Technique for Ultrasound B-mode Medical Imaging. 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2019.8926026
21. Cruza, J., Perez, M., Moreno, J., & Fritsch, C. (2015). Real Time Fast Ultrasound Imaging Technology and Possible Applications. Physics Procedia, 63, 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2015.03.013
22. Chen, Y., Huang, Y., Li, C., Hou, Y. T., & Lou, W. (2020). Turbo-HB: A Novel Design and Implementation to Achieve Ultra-Fast Hybrid Beamforming. IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom41043.2020.9155337
23. Campbell, N. A., Samson, C. A., & Brown, J. A. (2019). An Ultrafast High-Frequency Hardware Beamformer for a Phased Array Endoscope. 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 34, 1505–1508. https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2019.8925578
24. Gennisson, J., Provost, J., Deffieux, T., Papadacci, C., Imbault, M., Pernot, M., & Tanter, M. (2015b). 4-D ultrafast shear-wave imaging. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 62(6), 1059–1065. https://doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2014.006936
25. Zhang, X., Xu, Y., Wang, N., Jiao, Y., & Cui, Y. (2023). A Novel Approach to Tele-Ultrasound Imaging: Compressive Beamforming in Fourier Domain for Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging. Applied Sciences, 13(5), 3127. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13053127
26. Chérin, E., Williams, R., Needles, A., Liu, G., White, C., Brown, A. S., Zhou, Y., & Foster, F. S. (2006). Ultrahigh frame rate retrospective ultrasound microimaging and blood flow visualization in mice in vivo. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 32(5), 683–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.12.015
27. Da Silva Brilhante, D., Manjarres, J. C., Moreira, R., De Oliveira Veiga, L., De Rezende, J. F., Müller, F., Klautau, A., Mendes, L. L., & De Figueiredo, F. a. P. (2023). A Literature Survey on AI-Aided Beamforming and Beam Management for 5G and 6G Systems. Sensors, 23(9), 4359. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094359
28. Kou, Z., You, Q., Kim, J., Dong, Z., Lowerison, M. R., Sekaran, N. V. C., Llano, D. A., Song, P., & Oelze, M. L. (2023). High-Level Synthesis Design of Scalable Ultrafast Ultrasound Beamformer With Single FPGA. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 17(3), 446–457. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2023.3267614
29. Bercoff, J., Tanter, M., & Fink, M. (2004). Supersonic shear imaging: a new technique for soft tissue elasticity mapping. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 51(4), 396–409. https://doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2004.1295425
30. Udesen, J., Gran, F., Hansen, K., Jensen, J., Thomsen, C., & Nielsen, M. (2008). High frame-rate blood vector velocity imaging using plane waves: Simulations and preliminary experiments. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 55(8), 1729–1743. https://doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2008.858
31. Nicolet, F., Bujoreanu, D., Carcreff, E., Liebgott, H., Friboulet, D., & Nicolas, B. (2022). Simultaneous Coded Plane-Wave Imaging Using an Advanced Ultrasound Forward Model. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12809. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412809
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