Contemporary Surgical Approaches for Refractory Gluteus Medius Pathology
Main Article Content
Abstract
Trochanteric pain is a highly prevalent clinical entity of lateral hip pain, encompassing bursitis, tendinopathy, and/or rupture of the hip abductor apparatus. It is predominantly observed in middle-aged women. Classically, patients are treated with nonsurgical treatment, consisting of the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, and infiltrations, owing to the low diagnostic and anatomical precision necessary to indicate the need for surgical management.
Within trochanteric pain syndrome, tendinopathy and tendon tears of the abductor musculature are frequent, with degenerative lesions of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus tendon resulting from a lateral hyperpressure given by the iliotibial band complex, tensor fasciae latae, and gluteus maximus. These lesions may be refractory to conservative management and require surgical management.
Endoscopic hip surgery offers a minimally invasive approach with quicker recovery, reduced scarring, and improved aesthetic outcomes; therefore, we have developed our own endoscopic technique for the management of gluteus medius injuries, which encompasses a spectrum of procedures, ranging from lateral decompression and trochanteric perforations in cases of refractory tendinopathy and lesions comprising less than 30% of the gluteus medius tendon thickness to the application of bioinductive collagen patches for lesions exceeding 30%, and culminating in reinsertion with anchors in instances of full-thickness rupture.
Our surgical approach provides an alternative for the treatment of gluteus medius lesions refractory to conservative management, obtaining good clinical results with reproducible techniques and a low rate of complications.
Article Details
How to Cite
DANTE, Parodi et al.
Contemporary Surgical Approaches for Refractory Gluteus Medius Pathology.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 2, feb. 2025.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/6289>. Date accessed: 17 mar. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v13i2.6289.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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2. Tsutsumi M, Nimura A, Akita K. The Gluteus Medius Tendon and Its Insertion Sites: An Anatomical Study with Possible Implications for Gluteus Medius Tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101(2):177-184. doi:10.2106/JBJS.18.00602
3. Lequesne M, Mathieu P, Vuillemin-Bodaghi V, Bard H, Djian P. Gluteal tendinopathy in refractory greater trochanter pain syndrome: diagnostic value of two clinical tests. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(2): 241-246. doi:10.1002/art.23354
4. Thomassen PJB, Basso T, Foss OA. Endoscopic Treatment of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome - A Case Series of 11 Patients. J Orthop Case Rep. 2019;9(1):6-10. doi:10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.1284
5. Williams BS, Cohen SP. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome: a review of anatomy, diagnosis and treatment. Anesth Analg. 2009;108(5):1662-1670. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31819d6562
6. Cormier G, Berthelot JM, Maugars Y; SRO (Société de Rhumatologie de l'Ouest). Gluteus tendon rupture is underrecognized by French orthopedic surgeons: results of a mail survey. Joint Bone Spine. 2006;73(4):411-413. doi:10.1016/j.jbs pin.2006.01.021
7. Lachiewicz PF. Abductor tendon tears of the hip: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011;19(7):385-391. doi:10.5435/00 124635-201107000-00001
8. LaPorte C, Vasaris M, Gossett L, Boykin R, Menge T. Gluteus medius tears of the hip: a comprehensive approach. Phys Sportsmed. 2019;47 (1):15-20. doi:10.1080/00913847.2018.1527172
9. Lindner D, Shohat N, Botser I, Agar G, Domb BG. Clinical presentation and imaging results of patients with symptomatic gluteus medius tears. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2015;2(3):310-315. Published 2015 May 19. doi:10.1093/jhps/hnv035
10. Ganderton C, Semciw A, Cook J, Pizzari T. Demystifying the Clinical Diagnosis of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome in Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2017;26(6):633-643. doi:10.1089/j wh.2016.5889
11. Long SS, Surrey DE, Nazarian LN. Sonography of greater trochanteric pain syndrome and the rarity of primary bursitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013; 201(5):1083-1086. doi:10.2214/AJR.12.10038
12. Ramírez J, Pomés I, Sobrino-Guijarro B, Pomés J, Sanmartí R, Cañete JD. Ultrasound evaluation of greater trochanter pain syndrome in patients with spondyloarthritis: are there any specific features?. Rheumatol Int. 2014;34(7):947-952. doi:10.1007/s00296-014-2947-9
13. Redmond JM, Chen AW, Domb BG. Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2016;24(4):231-240. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00406
14. Meghpara MB, Bheem R, Shah S, et al. Prevalence of Gluteus Medius Pathology on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement: Asymptomatic Tears Are Rare, Whereas Tendinosis Is Common. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48(12):2933-2938. doi:10.1177/0363546520952766
15. Cvitanic O, Henzie G, Skezas N, Lyons J, Minter J. MRI diagnosis of tears of the hip abductor tendons (gluteus medius and gluteus minimus). AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182(1):137-143. doi:10.2214/ajr.182.1.1820137
16. Christofilopoulos P, Kenanidis E, Bartolone P, Poultsides L, Tsiridis E, Kyriakopoulos G. Gluteus maximus tendon transfer for chronic abductor insufficiency: the Geneva technique. Hip Int. 2021; 31(6):751-758. doi:10.1177/1120700020924330
17. Robertson WJ, Gardner MJ, Barker JU, Boraiah S, Lorich DG, Kelly BT. Anatomy and dimensions of the gluteus medius tendon insertion. Arthroscopy. 2008;24(2):130-136. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2007.11.015
18. Kenanidis E, Kyriakopoulos G, Kaila R, Christofilopoulos P. Lesions of the abductors in the hip. EFORT Open Rev. 2020;5(8):464-476. Published 2020 Sep 10. doi:10.1302/2058-5241.5.190094
19. Ebert JR, Bucher TA, Ball SV, Janes GC. A review of surgical repair methods and patient outcomes for gluteal tendon tears. Hip Int. 2015; 25(1):15-23. doi:10.5301/hipint.5000183
20. Moalli PA, Talarico LC, Sung VW, et al. Impact of menopause on collagen subtypes in the arcus tendineous fasciae pelvis.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(3):620-627. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2003.08.040
21. Greising SM, Baltgalvis KA, Lowe DA, Warren GL. Hormone therapy and skeletal muscle strength: a meta-analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009; 64(10):1071-1081. doi:10.1093/gerona/glp082
22. Rosinsky PJ, Diulus SC, Walsh JP, et al. Development of a Predictive Algorithm for Symptomatic Hip Abductor Tears in Patients Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(2):497-504. doi:10.1177/036354652 0980461
23. Bird PA, Oakley SP, Shnier R, Kirkham BW. Prospective evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging and physical examination findings in patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(9):2138-2145. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200109)44:9<2138::AID-ART367>3.0.CO;2-M
24. Guermazi A, Neogi T, Katz JN, et al. Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections for the Treatment of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis-related Pain: Considerations and Controversies with a Focus on Imaging-Radiology Scientific Expert Panel. Radiology. 2020;297(3):503-512. doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200771
25. Kong A, Van der Vliet A, Zadow S. MRI and US of gluteal tendinopathy in greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Eur Radiol. 2007;17(7):1772-1783. doi:10.1007/s00330-006-0485-x
26. Pan J, Bredella MA. Imaging of soft tissue abnormalities about the hip. Radiol Clin North Am. 2013;51(3):353-369. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2012.10.003
27. Woodley SJ, Nicholson HD, Livingstone V, et al. Lateral hip pain: findings from magnetic resonance imaging and clinical examination. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38(6):313-328. doi:10.2519/jospt.2 008.2685
28. Rice MW, Browning RB, Nho SJ. Surgical Treatment of Gluteus Medius Tears. Arthroscopy. 2022;38(7):2115-2117. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2022.0 5.002
29. Longstaffe R, Dickerson P, Thigpen CA, et al. Both open and endoscopic gluteal tendon repairs lead to functional improvement with similar failure rates: a systematic review. J ISAKOS. 2021; 6(1):28-34. doi:10.1136/jisakos-2020-000474
30. Ebert JR, Jain M, Janes GC. Good clinical outcomes, a high level of patient satisfaction and an acceptable re-operation rate are observed 7-10 years after augmented hip abductor tendon repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31 (6):2131-2139. doi:10.1007/s00167-023-07382-3
31. Chandrasekaran S, Lodhia P, Gui C, Vemula SP, Martin TJ, Domb BG. Outcomes of Open Versus Endoscopic Repair of Abductor Muscle Tears of the Hip: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2015;31 (10):2057-67.e2. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2015.03.042
32. Rai S, Jin S, Meng C, et al. Arthroscopic release using F and C method versus conventional open release method in the treatment of gluteal muscle contracture: a comparative study [published correction appears in BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018 Jun 7;19(1):187. doi: 10.1186/s12891-018-2119-2.]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1): 113. Published 2017 Mar 16. doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1484-6
33. Kenanidis E, Lund B, Christofilopoulos P. A roadmap to develop clinical guidelines for open surgery of acute and chronic tears of hip abductor tendons. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Off J ESSKA. 2021;29(5):1420-31.
34. Widler KS, Glatthorn JF, Bizzini M, et al. Assessment of hip abductor muscle strength. A validity and reliability study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(11):2666-2672. doi:10.2106/JBJS.H.01119
35. Myers CA, Laz PJ, Shelburne KB, et al. Simulated hip abductor strengthening reduces peak joint contact forces in patients with total hip arthroplasty. J Biomech. 2019;93:18-27.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.06.003
36. Kahlenberg CA, Nwachukwu BU, Jahandar H, Meyers KN, Ranawat AS, Ranawat AS. Single- Versus Double-Row Repair of Hip Abductor Tears: A Biomechanical Matched Cadaver Study. Arthroscopy. 2019;35(3):818-823. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2018.10.146
37. Whiteside LA, Roy ME. Incidence and treatment of abductor deficiency during total hip arthroplasty using the posterior approach: repair with direct suture technique and gluteus maximus flap transfer. Bone Joint J. 2019;101-B(6_Supple_B): 116-122. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.101B6.BJJ-2018-1511.R1
38. Howell GE, Biggs RE, Bourne RB. Prevalence of abductor mechanism tears of the hips in patients with osteoarthritis. J Arthroplasty. 2001;16(1):121-123. doi:10.1054/arth.2001.19158
39. Chandrasekaran S, Gui C, Hutchinson MR, Lodhia P, Suarez-Ahedo C, Domb BG. Outcomes of Endoscopic Gluteus Medius Repair: Study of Thirty-four Patients with Minimum Two-Year Follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97(16):1340-1347. doi:10.2106/JBJS.N.01229
40. Dai Z, Chen Z, Liao Y, Tang Z, Cui J. Comparison of arthroscopic versus open surgery on external snapping hip caused by gluteal muscle contracture. Hip Int. 2018;28(2):173-177. doi:10.1177/1120700017754013
41. Gulledge CM, Makhni EC. Open Gluteus Medius and Minimus Repair With Double-Row Technique and Bioinductive Implant Augmentation. Arthrosc Tech. 2019;8(6):e585-e589. Published 2019 May 17. doi:10.1016/j.eats.2019.01.019
42. Parodi D, Villegas D, Escobar G, Bravo J, Tobar C. Deep Gluteal Pain Syndrome: Endoscopic Technique and Medium-Term Functional Outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2023;105(10):762-770. doi:10.2106/JBJS.22.00394
43. Parodi D, Bravo JT, González I, Villegas D, Tobar C. Endoscopic gluteus medius partial tear repair with collagen patch augmentation. Clinical and imaging results. IPMRJ. 2024;9(1):26-35. doi:10.15406/ipmrj.2024.09.00369
44. Seidel D, Parodi D. Retrograde Acetabular Micro Perforations, for Treatment of Chondral Lesions Grade 1 and 2 in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement. In: Ozcan ProfG, ed. Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10. BP International; 2025:95-103. doi:10.9734/bpi/acmms/v10/3622
45. Schlegel TF, Abrams JS, Bushnell BD, Brock JL, Ho CP. Radiologic and clinical evaluation of a bioabsorbable collagen implant to treat partial-thickness tears: a prospective multicenter study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018;27(2):242-251. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2017.08.023
46. Bokor DJ, Sonnabend D, Deady L, et al. Preliminary investigation of a biological augmentation of rotator cuff repairs using a collagen implant: a 2-year MRI follow-up. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2015;5(3):144-150. Published 2015 Oct 20. doi:10.11138/mltj/2015.5.3.144
47. Bokor DJ, Sonnabend D, Deady L, et al. Evidence of healing of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears following arthroscopic augmentation with a collagen implant: a 2-year MRI follow-up. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2016;6(1):16-25. Published 2016 May 19. doi:10.11138/mltj/2016.6.1.016
48. Parodi D, Tobar C, Valderrama J, et al. Hip Arthroscopy and Hypothermia. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2012; 28(7):924-928. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2011.12.012
49. Parodi D, Castrillo J, Seidel D. Peritrochanteric Decompression Via Endoscopic Release of the Proximal Insertion of the Gluteus MAjor. Poster presented at: ISHA Annual Scientific Meeting; October 17-19, 2024; Washington DC, USA
2. Tsutsumi M, Nimura A, Akita K. The Gluteus Medius Tendon and Its Insertion Sites: An Anatomical Study with Possible Implications for Gluteus Medius Tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101(2):177-184. doi:10.2106/JBJS.18.00602
3. Lequesne M, Mathieu P, Vuillemin-Bodaghi V, Bard H, Djian P. Gluteal tendinopathy in refractory greater trochanter pain syndrome: diagnostic value of two clinical tests. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(2): 241-246. doi:10.1002/art.23354
4. Thomassen PJB, Basso T, Foss OA. Endoscopic Treatment of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome - A Case Series of 11 Patients. J Orthop Case Rep. 2019;9(1):6-10. doi:10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.1284
5. Williams BS, Cohen SP. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome: a review of anatomy, diagnosis and treatment. Anesth Analg. 2009;108(5):1662-1670. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31819d6562
6. Cormier G, Berthelot JM, Maugars Y; SRO (Société de Rhumatologie de l'Ouest). Gluteus tendon rupture is underrecognized by French orthopedic surgeons: results of a mail survey. Joint Bone Spine. 2006;73(4):411-413. doi:10.1016/j.jbs pin.2006.01.021
7. Lachiewicz PF. Abductor tendon tears of the hip: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011;19(7):385-391. doi:10.5435/00 124635-201107000-00001
8. LaPorte C, Vasaris M, Gossett L, Boykin R, Menge T. Gluteus medius tears of the hip: a comprehensive approach. Phys Sportsmed. 2019;47 (1):15-20. doi:10.1080/00913847.2018.1527172
9. Lindner D, Shohat N, Botser I, Agar G, Domb BG. Clinical presentation and imaging results of patients with symptomatic gluteus medius tears. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2015;2(3):310-315. Published 2015 May 19. doi:10.1093/jhps/hnv035
10. Ganderton C, Semciw A, Cook J, Pizzari T. Demystifying the Clinical Diagnosis of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome in Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2017;26(6):633-643. doi:10.1089/j wh.2016.5889
11. Long SS, Surrey DE, Nazarian LN. Sonography of greater trochanteric pain syndrome and the rarity of primary bursitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013; 201(5):1083-1086. doi:10.2214/AJR.12.10038
12. Ramírez J, Pomés I, Sobrino-Guijarro B, Pomés J, Sanmartí R, Cañete JD. Ultrasound evaluation of greater trochanter pain syndrome in patients with spondyloarthritis: are there any specific features?. Rheumatol Int. 2014;34(7):947-952. doi:10.1007/s00296-014-2947-9
13. Redmond JM, Chen AW, Domb BG. Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2016;24(4):231-240. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00406
14. Meghpara MB, Bheem R, Shah S, et al. Prevalence of Gluteus Medius Pathology on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement: Asymptomatic Tears Are Rare, Whereas Tendinosis Is Common. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48(12):2933-2938. doi:10.1177/0363546520952766
15. Cvitanic O, Henzie G, Skezas N, Lyons J, Minter J. MRI diagnosis of tears of the hip abductor tendons (gluteus medius and gluteus minimus). AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182(1):137-143. doi:10.2214/ajr.182.1.1820137
16. Christofilopoulos P, Kenanidis E, Bartolone P, Poultsides L, Tsiridis E, Kyriakopoulos G. Gluteus maximus tendon transfer for chronic abductor insufficiency: the Geneva technique. Hip Int. 2021; 31(6):751-758. doi:10.1177/1120700020924330
17. Robertson WJ, Gardner MJ, Barker JU, Boraiah S, Lorich DG, Kelly BT. Anatomy and dimensions of the gluteus medius tendon insertion. Arthroscopy. 2008;24(2):130-136. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2007.11.015
18. Kenanidis E, Kyriakopoulos G, Kaila R, Christofilopoulos P. Lesions of the abductors in the hip. EFORT Open Rev. 2020;5(8):464-476. Published 2020 Sep 10. doi:10.1302/2058-5241.5.190094
19. Ebert JR, Bucher TA, Ball SV, Janes GC. A review of surgical repair methods and patient outcomes for gluteal tendon tears. Hip Int. 2015; 25(1):15-23. doi:10.5301/hipint.5000183
20. Moalli PA, Talarico LC, Sung VW, et al. Impact of menopause on collagen subtypes in the arcus tendineous fasciae pelvis.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(3):620-627. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2003.08.040
21. Greising SM, Baltgalvis KA, Lowe DA, Warren GL. Hormone therapy and skeletal muscle strength: a meta-analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009; 64(10):1071-1081. doi:10.1093/gerona/glp082
22. Rosinsky PJ, Diulus SC, Walsh JP, et al. Development of a Predictive Algorithm for Symptomatic Hip Abductor Tears in Patients Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(2):497-504. doi:10.1177/036354652 0980461
23. Bird PA, Oakley SP, Shnier R, Kirkham BW. Prospective evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging and physical examination findings in patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(9):2138-2145. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200109)44:9<2138::AID-ART367>3.0.CO;2-M
24. Guermazi A, Neogi T, Katz JN, et al. Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections for the Treatment of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis-related Pain: Considerations and Controversies with a Focus on Imaging-Radiology Scientific Expert Panel. Radiology. 2020;297(3):503-512. doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200771
25. Kong A, Van der Vliet A, Zadow S. MRI and US of gluteal tendinopathy in greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Eur Radiol. 2007;17(7):1772-1783. doi:10.1007/s00330-006-0485-x
26. Pan J, Bredella MA. Imaging of soft tissue abnormalities about the hip. Radiol Clin North Am. 2013;51(3):353-369. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2012.10.003
27. Woodley SJ, Nicholson HD, Livingstone V, et al. Lateral hip pain: findings from magnetic resonance imaging and clinical examination. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38(6):313-328. doi:10.2519/jospt.2 008.2685
28. Rice MW, Browning RB, Nho SJ. Surgical Treatment of Gluteus Medius Tears. Arthroscopy. 2022;38(7):2115-2117. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2022.0 5.002
29. Longstaffe R, Dickerson P, Thigpen CA, et al. Both open and endoscopic gluteal tendon repairs lead to functional improvement with similar failure rates: a systematic review. J ISAKOS. 2021; 6(1):28-34. doi:10.1136/jisakos-2020-000474
30. Ebert JR, Jain M, Janes GC. Good clinical outcomes, a high level of patient satisfaction and an acceptable re-operation rate are observed 7-10 years after augmented hip abductor tendon repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31 (6):2131-2139. doi:10.1007/s00167-023-07382-3
31. Chandrasekaran S, Lodhia P, Gui C, Vemula SP, Martin TJ, Domb BG. Outcomes of Open Versus Endoscopic Repair of Abductor Muscle Tears of the Hip: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2015;31 (10):2057-67.e2. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2015.03.042
32. Rai S, Jin S, Meng C, et al. Arthroscopic release using F and C method versus conventional open release method in the treatment of gluteal muscle contracture: a comparative study [published correction appears in BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018 Jun 7;19(1):187. doi: 10.1186/s12891-018-2119-2.]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1): 113. Published 2017 Mar 16. doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1484-6
33. Kenanidis E, Lund B, Christofilopoulos P. A roadmap to develop clinical guidelines for open surgery of acute and chronic tears of hip abductor tendons. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Off J ESSKA. 2021;29(5):1420-31.
34. Widler KS, Glatthorn JF, Bizzini M, et al. Assessment of hip abductor muscle strength. A validity and reliability study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(11):2666-2672. doi:10.2106/JBJS.H.01119
35. Myers CA, Laz PJ, Shelburne KB, et al. Simulated hip abductor strengthening reduces peak joint contact forces in patients with total hip arthroplasty. J Biomech. 2019;93:18-27.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.06.003
36. Kahlenberg CA, Nwachukwu BU, Jahandar H, Meyers KN, Ranawat AS, Ranawat AS. Single- Versus Double-Row Repair of Hip Abductor Tears: A Biomechanical Matched Cadaver Study. Arthroscopy. 2019;35(3):818-823. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2018.10.146
37. Whiteside LA, Roy ME. Incidence and treatment of abductor deficiency during total hip arthroplasty using the posterior approach: repair with direct suture technique and gluteus maximus flap transfer. Bone Joint J. 2019;101-B(6_Supple_B): 116-122. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.101B6.BJJ-2018-1511.R1
38. Howell GE, Biggs RE, Bourne RB. Prevalence of abductor mechanism tears of the hips in patients with osteoarthritis. J Arthroplasty. 2001;16(1):121-123. doi:10.1054/arth.2001.19158
39. Chandrasekaran S, Gui C, Hutchinson MR, Lodhia P, Suarez-Ahedo C, Domb BG. Outcomes of Endoscopic Gluteus Medius Repair: Study of Thirty-four Patients with Minimum Two-Year Follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97(16):1340-1347. doi:10.2106/JBJS.N.01229
40. Dai Z, Chen Z, Liao Y, Tang Z, Cui J. Comparison of arthroscopic versus open surgery on external snapping hip caused by gluteal muscle contracture. Hip Int. 2018;28(2):173-177. doi:10.1177/1120700017754013
41. Gulledge CM, Makhni EC. Open Gluteus Medius and Minimus Repair With Double-Row Technique and Bioinductive Implant Augmentation. Arthrosc Tech. 2019;8(6):e585-e589. Published 2019 May 17. doi:10.1016/j.eats.2019.01.019
42. Parodi D, Villegas D, Escobar G, Bravo J, Tobar C. Deep Gluteal Pain Syndrome: Endoscopic Technique and Medium-Term Functional Outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2023;105(10):762-770. doi:10.2106/JBJS.22.00394
43. Parodi D, Bravo JT, González I, Villegas D, Tobar C. Endoscopic gluteus medius partial tear repair with collagen patch augmentation. Clinical and imaging results. IPMRJ. 2024;9(1):26-35. doi:10.15406/ipmrj.2024.09.00369
44. Seidel D, Parodi D. Retrograde Acetabular Micro Perforations, for Treatment of Chondral Lesions Grade 1 and 2 in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement. In: Ozcan ProfG, ed. Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10. BP International; 2025:95-103. doi:10.9734/bpi/acmms/v10/3622
45. Schlegel TF, Abrams JS, Bushnell BD, Brock JL, Ho CP. Radiologic and clinical evaluation of a bioabsorbable collagen implant to treat partial-thickness tears: a prospective multicenter study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018;27(2):242-251. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2017.08.023
46. Bokor DJ, Sonnabend D, Deady L, et al. Preliminary investigation of a biological augmentation of rotator cuff repairs using a collagen implant: a 2-year MRI follow-up. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2015;5(3):144-150. Published 2015 Oct 20. doi:10.11138/mltj/2015.5.3.144
47. Bokor DJ, Sonnabend D, Deady L, et al. Evidence of healing of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears following arthroscopic augmentation with a collagen implant: a 2-year MRI follow-up. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2016;6(1):16-25. Published 2016 May 19. doi:10.11138/mltj/2016.6.1.016
48. Parodi D, Tobar C, Valderrama J, et al. Hip Arthroscopy and Hypothermia. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2012; 28(7):924-928. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2011.12.012
49. Parodi D, Castrillo J, Seidel D. Peritrochanteric Decompression Via Endoscopic Release of the Proximal Insertion of the Gluteus MAjor. Poster presented at: ISHA Annual Scientific Meeting; October 17-19, 2024; Washington DC, USA