Exploring the Nexus: Gender Equitable Attitudes & Financial Perceptions of Mexican Adolescents
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between gender equitable attitudes and norms, and gender based financial perceptions among adolescent boys and girls in Mexico. This evaluation is part of a larger Girl Rising Financial Education Initiative conducted amongst adolescents in Mexico.
Methods: A quantitative study was conducted including 979 adolescents (boys n=385, girls n=589) at baseline. Gender equitable attitudes were measured using a scale consisting of 3 subdomains (roles/privileges/ restrictions, gender attributes and gender violence) and gender based financial perceptions were measured using a vignette.
Results: Multivariate Linear regression analyses revealed that positive gender based financial perceptions were associated with significantly higher gender equitable attitudes after adjusting for sociodemographic differences. Girls reported significantly higher gender equitable attitudes when compared to boys (Model 1: β = 0.240, 95% CI [0.218, 0.347], p <0.001).
Conclusion: Introducing financial education initiatives at an early age can shape the way young people interact with money. It not only improves overall literacy but also reinforces the idea that financial literacy and decision-making are not limited by gender.
Keywords:
Adolescents, Financial perceptions, Gender norms, Gender
Article Details
How to Cite
KARTHA, Rhea; VYAS, Amita; NAGARAJ, Nitasha.
Exploring the Nexus: Gender Equitable Attitudes & Financial Perceptions of Mexican Adolescents.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 3, mar. 2025.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/6312>. Date accessed: 06 apr. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v3i3.6312.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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28. Gould D. Using vignettes to collect data for nursing research studies: how valid are the findings? J Clin Nurs. 1996;5(4):207-212. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00253.x
29. Silva AS, Campos-Silva WL, Gouvea MA, Farina MC. Vignettes: a data collection technique to handle the differential operation of items in surveys. BBR Braz Bus Rev. 2019;16(1):16-31. Accessed March 5, 2024. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/1230/123058781002/html/#:~:text=The%20use%20of%20vignettes%2C%20textualized,the%20situation%20than%20the%20characters.
30. Profeta P. Gender equality in decision-making positions: The efficiency gains. 2017;2017(1):34-37. Accessed May 9, 2024. https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2017/number/1/article/gender-equality-in-decision-making-positions-the-efficiency-gains.html
31. Obi-Anike HO, Daniel OC, Onodugo IJ, Attamah IJ, Imhanrenialena BO. The role of financial information literacy in strategic decision-making effectiveness and sustainable performance among Agribusiness entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Sustainability. 2023;15(13):10416. doi:10.3390/su151310416
32. Sundarasen S, Rajagopalan U, Kanapathy M, Kamaludin K. Women’s financial literacy: A bibliometric study on current research and future directions. Heliyon. 2023;9(12). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21379
2. Lusardi A, Mitchell OS. The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. J Econ Lit. 2014;52(1):5-44. doi:10.1257/jel.52.1.5
3. Promoting Financial Inclusion through Financial Education. OECD. October 10, 2013. Accessed January 30, 2025. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/promoting-financial-inclusion-through-financial-education_5k3xz6m88smp-en.html
4. Lusardi A, Messy FA. The importance of financial literacy and its impact on financial wellbeing. J Financ Lit Wellbeing. 2023;1(1):1-11. doi:10.1017/flw.2023.8
5. Mitchell OS, Lusardi A. Financial literacy and economic outcomes: Evidence and policy implications. J Retire. 2015;3(1):107-114. doi:10.3905/jor.2015.3.1.107
6. Technical Note on Gender Norms. UNFPA. Accessed October 29, 2024. https://www.unfpa.org/resources/technical-note-gender-norms
7. Peters HE, Adelstein S, Abare R. Gender norms and women’s economic empowerment in low-income countries: What we learned by reviewing the evidence. Urban Institute. April 26, 2019. Accessed March 5, 2024. https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/gender-norms-and-womens-economic-empowerment-low-income-countries-what-we-learned-reviewing-evidence
8. Fonseca R, Mullen KJ, Zamarro G, Zissimopoulos J. What explains the gender gap in financial literacy? The role of household decision making. J Consum Aff. 2012;46(1):90. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6606.2011.01221.x
9. Boggio C, Coda Moscarola F, Gallice A. What is good for the goose is good for the gander?: How gender-specific conceptual frames affect financial participation and decision-making. Econ Educ Rev. 2020;75:101952. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.101952
10. Greimel-Fuhrmann B, Silgoner M. Analyzing the gender gap in financial literacy. Int J Infonomics. 2018;11(3):1779-1787. doi:10.20533/iji.1742.4712.2018.0180
11. Lusardi A. Financial literacy and the need for financial education: evidence and implications. Swiss J Econ Stat. 2019;155(1):1. doi:10.1186/s41937-019-0027-5
12. Klapper L, Lusardi A, van Oudheusden P. Financial Literacy Around the World: Insights From The Standard & Poor’s Rating Services Global Financial Literacy Survey.; 2015:28.
13. Women and Financial Education: Evidence, Policy Responses and Guidance. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; 2013. Accessed October 29, 2024. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/finance-and-investment/women-and-financial-education_9789264202733-en
14. Billimoria J. Why young people are key to achieving the SDGs. World Economic Forum. September 26, 2016. Accessed March 5, 2024. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/09/why-young-people-are-key-to-achieving-the-sdgs/
15. Goal 4: Quality education. The Global Goals. Accessed March 5, 2024. https://globalgoals.org/goals/4-quality-education/
16. Hietanen AE, Pick S. Gender Stereotypes, Sexuality, and Culture in Mexico. In: Safdar S, Kosakowska-Berezecka N, eds. Psychology of Gender Through the Lens of Culture: Theories and Applications. Springer International Publishing; 2015:285-305. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14005-6_14
17. The Pursuit of Gender Equality: An Uphill Battle. OECD Web Archive. Accessed May 9, 2024. https://web-archive.oecd.org/2018-07-18/451014-Gender2017-MEX-en.pdf
18. Mungaray A, Gonzalez N, Osorio G, Mungaray A, Gonzalez N, Osorio G. Financial education and its effect on income in Mexico. Probl Desarro. 2021;52(205):55-78. doi:10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2021.205.69709
19. Maravalle A, Pandiella AG. Expanding Access to Finance to Boost Growth and Reduce Inequalities in Mexico. OECD; 2022. doi:10.1787/2de3cd7d-en
20. Amezcua AV, Everardo JAH. Financial literacy and mathematics: A study among young Mexican high school students. Rev Mex Econ Finanz. 2016;12(2):1-22. Accessed March 6, 2024. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4237/423750525001/html/
21. Arceo-Gómez EO, Villagómez FA. Financial literacy among Mexican high school teenagers. Int Rev Econ Educ. 2017;24:1-17. doi:10.1016/j.iree.2016.10.001
22. Álvarez ABV, González JRV. Financial literacy: Gaps found between Mexican public and private, middle, and high-school students. In: Research Anthology on Personal Finance and Improving Financial Literacy. IGI Global; 2021:518-543. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8049-3.ch028
23. Financial institution account (% age 15+). World Bank Gender Data Portal. Accessed February 2, 2025. https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/fin1-t-a
24. Cabrera JAL. How Mexico is tackling financial inclusion. Baker Institute for Public Policy. June 21, 2023. Accessed March 6, 2024. https://www.bakerinstitute.org/research/how-mexico-tackling-financial-inclusion
25. Achyut P, Bhatla N, Khandekar S, Maitra S, Verma RK. Building Support for Gender Equality Young Adolescents in School: Findings from Mumbai, India. ICRW; 2011. Accessed October 29, 2024. https://www.icrw.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/GEMS-Building-Support-for-Gender-Equality-Adolescents.pdf
26. Evaluation of Empowering Young Girls and Women in Maharashtra, India. UNICEF. May 6, 2014. Accessed March 5, 2024. https://www.unicef.org/evaluation/reports
27. Nanda G. Compendium of Gender Scales. FHI 360/C-Change. Published online September 2011:40.
28. Gould D. Using vignettes to collect data for nursing research studies: how valid are the findings? J Clin Nurs. 1996;5(4):207-212. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00253.x
29. Silva AS, Campos-Silva WL, Gouvea MA, Farina MC. Vignettes: a data collection technique to handle the differential operation of items in surveys. BBR Braz Bus Rev. 2019;16(1):16-31. Accessed March 5, 2024. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/1230/123058781002/html/#:~:text=The%20use%20of%20vignettes%2C%20textualized,the%20situation%20than%20the%20characters.
30. Profeta P. Gender equality in decision-making positions: The efficiency gains. 2017;2017(1):34-37. Accessed May 9, 2024. https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2017/number/1/article/gender-equality-in-decision-making-positions-the-efficiency-gains.html
31. Obi-Anike HO, Daniel OC, Onodugo IJ, Attamah IJ, Imhanrenialena BO. The role of financial information literacy in strategic decision-making effectiveness and sustainable performance among Agribusiness entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Sustainability. 2023;15(13):10416. doi:10.3390/su151310416
32. Sundarasen S, Rajagopalan U, Kanapathy M, Kamaludin K. Women’s financial literacy: A bibliometric study on current research and future directions. Heliyon. 2023;9(12). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21379