Abstract
Rapid advancements in industries like genetics, biotechnology, and medicine have raised the demand for chemical and biochemical analysis and led to the development of useful chip applications for the use of sophisticated equipment, labs, and traditional procedures. A new technique called lab-on-a-chip displays a miniature laboratory onto a tiny coin-sized chip. Reagent mixing, dilution, electrophoresis, separation, staining, and detection can all be accomplished on a sensor chip. One or several analyses are made possible by this sensor technology, which also produces high sensitivity, quick diagnostic times, improved process control, inexpensive fabrication costs, portability, and safety. The detection of drugs is currently being performed using lab-on-a-chip technology, which may accept a variety of biological and non-biological materials. A number of detection techniques were used by lab-on-a-chip devices, with immunoassays being most frequently used. The usage of real-world samples should be increased, validation should be enhanced, and practicality should be further examined in terms of providing information on cost, speed of analysis, and convenience of use. A wide variety of lab-on-a-chip techniques are already accessible, which suggests that these devices could be used as portable, quick, and affordable detection systems. Lab-on-a-chip systems can be utilised both within and outside of hospitals for clinical purposes. Numerous benefits were provided by Lab-on-a-chips over existing tests, including as the ability to do point-of-care diagnostics with minimal fluid volumes, the use of small quantities of costly chemicals and samples, controlled flow rate, short diffusion distance, fast mixing time, and inexpensive fabrication costs.