Viral encephalitis in the adult: a review
Main Article Content
Abstract
Viral encephalitis represents a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and proper management. Patient presentation includes fever, headache, mental status changes, and seizures in different combinations. While herpes simplex virus is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis worldwide, certain arboviral (arthropod borne) infections remain a health challenge in certain parts of the globe. Zika virus has been recently added to the list of potential offenders. Despite important advances in technology, a substantial percentage of encephalitis cases still remain without a specific diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis with viral nucleic acid detection by PCR and neuroimaging are paramount in diagnosing encephalitis and establishing a specific viral etiology. Empiric therapy with acyclovir is required in suspected cases of encephalitis, and maintained for 3 weeks upon confirmation of herpetic etiology. Without specific therapy, herpes encephalitis conveys high mortality and morbidity rates. General support measures are also critical and have been defined in pertinent guidelines. We will here review the most common encephalitis in adults and their diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
Article Details
How to Cite
BOCOS PORTILLO, Jone et al.
Viral encephalitis in the adult: a review.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 5, sep. 2016.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/642>. Date accessed: 26 dec. 2024.
Keywords
Encephalitis, Herpes virus, viral encephalitis, arbovirus
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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Hacohen, Y., K. Deiva, P. Pettingill, P. Waters, A. Siddiqui, P. Chretien, E. Menson, J. P. Lin, M. Tardieu, A. Vincent and M. J. Lim (2014). "N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in post-herpes simplex virus encephalitis neurological relapse." Mov Disord 29(1): 90-96.
Hart, R. P., J. A. Kwentus, R. B. Frazier and T. L. Hormel (1986). "Natural history of Kluver-Bucy syndrome after treated herpes encephalitis." South Med J 79(11): 1376-1378.
Hasbun, R., J. Abrahams, J. Jekel and V. J. Quagliarello (2001). "Computed tomography of the head before lumbar puncture in adults with suspected meningitis." N Engl J Med 345(24): 1727-1733.
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Janes, V. A., R. Minnaar, G. Koen, H. van Eijk, K. Dijkman-de Haan, D. Pajkrt, K. C. Wolthers and K. S. Benschop (2014). "Presence of human non-polio enterovirus and parechovirus genotypes in an Amsterdam hospital in 2007 to 2011 compared to national and international published surveillance data: a comprehensive review." Euro Surveill 19(46).
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Kennedy, P. G. (2005). "Viral encephalitis." J Neurol 252(3): 268-272.
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Kramer, A. H. and T. P. Bleck (2008). "Neurocritical care of patients with central nervous system infections." Curr Treat Options Neurol 10(3): 201-211.
Kupila, L., T. Vuorinen, R. Vainionpaa, V. Hukkanen, R. J. Marttila and P. Kotilainen (2006). "Etiology of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in an adult population." Neurology 66(1): 75-80.
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