Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are becoming increasingly common among school-aged children, largely due to prolonged smartphone use, poor posture, and carrying heavy backpacks. These everyday habits can lead to discomfort in the neck, back, shoulders, and hands— sometimes even causing structural changes and affecting a child’s well-being, academic performance, and mental health.
This review explores the key risk factors behind MSDs in children, including ergonomic challenges, screen time, backpack load, physical inactivity, and psychological stress. It also highlights practical, evidence-based strategies for prevention, such as promoting ergonomic education, healthy posture, regular physical activity, and better backpack and furniture design. The important role of parents, teachers, and schools in creating supportive environments is emphasized throughout.
By taking early preventive action and making small but meaningful changes in daily routines and school settings, we can help reduce the growing burden of musculoskeletal symptoms and support healthier development in children.