Abstract
Surgical Diathermy is process that involves transmitting high-frequency alternating current through the body to achieve a specific surgical outcome. It is a great tool in surgical practice for dissection and heamostasis, making the dissection precise and minimizes blood loss. It has been used in various surgical specialties, but it has its inherent complications. It can produce a spectrum of complications from minor surgical burns, tissue injuries, nerve palsies, and even major fire incidents in the operation theatre. This review article examines the causes of the complications during the surgery and possible preventive measures. We have searched articles published about the diathermy during the period 1975 to 2025 for analyzing the causes, design modifications in the diathermy, and management of risk. We have also tried to make a protocol for the safety of diathermy usage in the operating theatre. From analysis of previous articles it was found that the complication can be reduced by regular inspections and maintenance, use of safety features, proper patient preparation, effective smoke evacuation, mandatory training, and implementing institutional safety protocols.