Edith Smaw Quimby. A medical physicist avant la lettre
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http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7625-7270
Maria Rentetzi, PhD
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1940-8116
Abstract
This paper brings into today’s spotlight one of the early pioneers in the history of radiation protection. Edith Smaw Quimby was a medical physicist avant la lettre. In the early 20 th century Quimby was among the first to develop diagnostic and therapeutic uses for X-rays, radium, and radioactive isotopes. By ascertaining the extent of radiation’s ability to penetrate an object (like human skin), she enabled physicians to use the smallest possible doses of radiation on patients. Her work on early radiation protection methods in the clinic has been remarkable. In 1926 Quimby was the first to introduce a film badge program to her laboratory to measure workers’ exposure to radioactivity. This moved quickly from the lab to the clinic ensuring the safety of x-ray and radium technicians. Based on archival research and analyzing the scientific community of her time, we argue that despite all odds, Quimby was able to carve a career for herself. In addition to her self-determination, Quimby was supported by her longtime collaborator, physicist Gioacchino Failla. Although men’s contributions to radiation science have been well-documented, the contributions of female scientists, beyond Marie Curie and Lise Meitner, are not widely recognized. Many women played crucial roles in laboratory research, data analysis, and medical applications of radiation. Yet their names rarely appear in official medical histories. Structural barriers, gender bias, and the tendency to credit male colleagues or supervisors often obscured their work. Recognizing these overlooked contributions not only restores balance to the historical record but also highlights the diverse perspectives that shaped the development of radiation science.
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