The Interrelationship Between Scoliosis and Bone Mineral Density: A Multidisciplinary Review

Abstract

Scoliosis exists as a three-dimensional spinal deformity which produces various clinical symptoms that affect patients who have adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and congenital scoliosis and neuromuscular scoliosis. Research data shows that scoliosis has a direct relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) which indicates that low bone density might contribute to both the development and progression of spinal curvature. The research investigates how genetic elements and epigenetic changes and hormonal signals and diet and body structure and population characteristics affect bone density in various scoliosis subtypes. The understanding of these connected systems enables better scoliosis detection methods and risk assessment and treatment approaches for patients.