Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness, biological mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and safety of contemporary accelerated orthodontic techniques, including micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), corticotomy, piezocision, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), photobiomodulation, high-frequency vibration, and pharmacologic adjuncts.
Methods: A PRISMA-2020 compliant search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library using predefined keywords. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and split-mouth trials evaluating the rate of tooth movement were included. Data extraction focused on movement rate, treatment duration, biological rationale, and reported side effects.
Results: Thirty-seven studies qualified for final analysis. Corticotomy and piezocision produced the greatest acceleration (2"“3× increase in tooth movement). MOPs resulted in moderate acceleration (1.5"“2×). LLLT and photobiomodulation showed variable effectiveness. Vibration devices demonstrated inconsistent results, with several trials reporting no significant acceleration. Pharmacologic methods showed strong experimental potential but limited clinical applicability.
Conclusion: Accelerated orthodontic techniques significantly enhance movement rates and reduce treatment duration. Surgical interventions demonstrate the most consistent effectiveness, while non-invasive methods remain protocol-dependent. Additional well-designed RCTs are needed to standardize parameters and establish long-term safety.