Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Influenza Vaccination Coverage in Latin America: Mexico and Central America

Abstract

Objective. This study assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on influenza vaccination coverage in Mexico and Central America. Materials and Methods. The study used data on influenza vaccination coverage from WHO, UNICEF, and PAHO surveillance databases. Administrative reports from Mexico and Central American countries on vaccination coverage and surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses were analyzed. Results. Influenza vaccination coverage in Mexico and Central America showed variability across countries. National vaccination strategies were adapted to align with WHO and PAHO guidelines, taking into account local circumstances. During the COVID-19 pandemic, preventive measures led to an unprecedented decline in influenza cases during the 2021-22 season. However, the 2022-23 season saw a strong resurgence, driven primarily by influenza A, including H1N1pdm09, with isolated cases of influenza B. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered influenza-associated disease patterns and vaccination efforts. Surveillance systems should prepare for a potential "tridemic" involving influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Strengthened and adaptable surveillance systems are essential to mitigate the combined impact of these respiratory pathogens.