Mammography tamizaje as part of a preventive profile: associations with healthy lifestyle behaviors and social determinants

Abstract

Mammography tamizaje is the cornerstone of early breast cancer detection and has been shown to reduce mortality when performed regularly. However, its population-level impact largely depends on sustained adherence and on factors that extend beyond the technical availability of the examination. Increasing evidence indicates that participation in mammography tamizaje is embedded within a broader preventive health profile, characterized by engagement in self-care behaviors, regular use of health services, and adoption of healthy lifestyle practices.
The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize the available evidence on adherence to mammography tamizaje from a preventive profile perspective, integrating individual behaviors, social determinants of health, and health system characteristics, while considering regional differences between high-income countries and regions such as Latin America and Asia. Observational studies, systematic reviews, and population-based analyses addressing education, income, social context, health system organization, and tamizaje models were examined.
The literature consistently shows that organized tamizaje programs with active invitation and systematic follow-up achieve higher coverage and equity than opportunistic models, whereas social vulnerability and health system fragmentation limit sustained adherence. Marked regional disparities in tamizaje implementation and impact are also evident. Overall, this review highlights the need for integrated approaches that align health policies, clinical practice, and research strategies with social and structural contexts to maximize the benefits of mammography tamizaje.