The Effects of Climate Change on Human Health, Vector-borne Diseases, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.

Abstract

Climate change has direct or indirect effects on health. Direct effects; temperature extremes, heat/cold waves, hurricanes, storms, floods and fires; Indirect effects are vectorial diseases, infections, epidemics, water- and food-borne diseases, air pollution and respiratory diseases, stratospheric ozone depletion and UV Radiation, allergic diseases and field dust. Vector-borne diseases are diseases that occur as a result of the bites of arthropods such as mosquitoes, sand flies, ticks and black flies, which transmit the disease agent to humans. More than half of the world's population is at risk of vector-borne diseases. Vector-borne diseases are problems that threaten public health and require detailed investigation due to their high mortality rate and high level of disability. Global temperature will increase by 1 to 3.5 C⸰ on average by 2100; In relation to this, it is predicted that vector-borne diseases will spread in a wider geography and their prevalence will increase. Ecological change affects the pattern of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and thus can change the risk of transmission. Since it has a low human-to-human transmission potential, it can only cause small epidemics, but it is a disease that should be considered in terms of public health due to its high mortality rates. The benefit of ribavirin has been proven in prevention studies. The efficacy of ribavirin in treatment is controversial. In addition, the risk of transmission of the disease is high in the process of health care delivery practices and it is likely to result in death due to high viral load. It is a public health requirement that organizations dealing with human and animal health around the world develop protection and treatment methods against this disease.