How to improve microbiota to harness chronic inflammation and prevent cancer, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases? A transversal qualitative review.

Abstract

Background: Dysbiosis should be controlled since it is implicated in metabolic syndrome, cancer occurrence or prognosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, periodontitis, as well as in systemic, neurological, or cardiovascular chronic inflammation.
Eradication strategies with antibiotics are in conflict with new proposals of a diversified diet to magnify the diversity of the microbiome. Probiotic use does not meet expectations.
Objective: Reconcile the different - and sometimes divergent - medical recommendations. Suggest an integrative and preventive approach that uses as little antibiotic therapy as possible, to improve the flora and to reduce silent chronic inflammation (SCI). Elaborate a simple flow chart to be used in ambulatory practice.
Methods: Identify the most frequent life-threatening diseases associated (bidirectional perspective) with altered microbiota and SCI. Specify the bacteria or viruses involved.
Select the most appropriate methods to detect, to quantify and to follow such SCI-associated dysbiosis, in usual and ambulatory practice.
Suggest inexpensive and innocuous treatments of SCI induced by dysbiosis.
Build a general model that can optimize flora quality and inflammation control, while adapting to current official recommendations.
Results: Cancer, cardiovascular (CV) and neurodegenerative (NDD) diseases are the most prevalent preventable causes of death. They are frequently associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, herpes viruses (herpes simplex type 1, EBV or CMV) or HPV infections. A low diversity of microbiota with low levels of H2S may exacerbate SCI.
SCI and dysbiosis can be detected with a breath test, detection of CPL and PKM2 in saliva. A simple flow chart may be used in ambulatory practice to control SCI.
Treatment with diet, mouth cleaning, tiny amount of essential oils and natural immunostimulating agents could improve the oral and foregut microbiota and therefore SCI.
Conclusion: Cost-effective detection and prevention of SCI could be implemented in usual practice. Its usefulness could be evaluated in a second step according to the figures available in reliable meta-analyses.