Childbirth and the Pandemic in the Interior of Bahia: Portraits of Healthcare in Times of Crisis

Abstract

This study examines childbirth experiences of women residing in the interior of Bahia state during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020-March 2021). A quantitative-qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach was employed, using remote data collection through a digital platform. Participants included primiparous and multiparous women who gave birth during this period and resided in municipalities within the Microregion of Health of Vitoria da Conquista. Three validated instruments were applied: the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ-2BR), the Childbirth Violence Assessment Questionnaire (QAVP), and the COVID-19 Fear Scale in the Perinatal Period. Results indicated that 97% of births occurred in hospital settings, with 61% cesarean sections-higher than the national average. The findings revealed that satisfaction with childbirth care was strongly associated with autonomy, effective communication, and shared decision-making. Women who experienced participatory, informative, and respectful environments reported higher satisfaction, while restrictions on autonomy and imposition of medical procedures increased negative memories and frustration. The pandemic context amplified vulnerabilities, yet was not the primary determinant of dissatisfaction. The study underscores the need to consolidate humanized practices based on empathy, active listening, and ethical care, especially during health crises.