The Biomechanical impact of osteoporosis on the alveolar bone of the jaws. Original research.

Abstract

Introduction.
Systemic osteoporosis is a disease of the skeletal system that occurs as a result of a slow and imperceptible loss of calcium that leads to a decrease in bone mineral density.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis is the fourth most common disease after diseases of the cardiovascular system, oncology and endocrine diseases16.
Despite its widespread prevalence, the biomechanical impact on the alveolar bone at the jaws and oral Health has not been sufficiently studied.
The aim of the study was to evaluate dental health status, mineral metabolism and bone density in patients with systemic osteoporosis.
Material and Methods.
A total of 87 patients aged 45-65 years were examined. Among them, 59 individuals had confirmed osteoporosis of varying severity, while 28 participants had no signs of bone pathology and served as a control group. Patients were categorized into three groups:
o Group 1 (n = 38) females with compromised bone mineral density (BMD);
o Group 2 (n = 21) males with BMD impairment;
o Group 3 (n = 28) - included participants of either sex without BMD abnormalities.

Patients of all groups were examined using clinical, radiological and instrumental methods.
Results.
The results showed the undeniable biomechanical impact of systemic osteoporosis on the bone tissue of the alveolar processes of the jaws, as well as a deep comorbid relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal diseases.