Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Botulinum toxin type A (BTxA) has gained worldwide popularity due to its ability to improve the lower facial contours and treat parafunctions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Various analyses have been conducted through Medline searches for “Botulinum”, “masseter” and “bruxism” in order to investigate the different techniques used to inject the masseter muscle with Botulinum toxin. The authors’ experiences and techniques are fully explained regarding both functional pathologies and masseter size reduction. Personal guidelines to help physicians achieve the best outcomes for each application are outlined.
Even if a definitive consensus on the use of Botulinum toxin for masseter muscle treatment cannot be reached, the authors recommend, due to their experience, three injection sites per side of the face for masseter hypertrophy and four injection sites per side for the redefinition of the inferior third of the face. Fewer units are needed to inhibit bruxism, while more units are needed in order to achieve a reduction in muscle size.
RESULTS
Results have been very good and patient satisfaction is usually very high. No side effects have been experienced as of the writing of this report.
DISCUSSION
BTxA can be used as a therapeutic agent in bruxism patients and has been widely accepted as a cosmetic agent in recent years, helping to re-establish a balance in the contours of quadralized patients due to its positive clinical outcomes. Other clinical investigations are needed to improve the long-term effectiveness of Botulinum toxin.
CONCLUSION
Botulinum toxin can be considered a safe and effective technique to treat related masseter parafunctions and to improve the shape of the lower face in quadralized patients.