Validation of a 5 Minute 5 Hz protocol for Muscle Specific Endurance
Main Article Content
Abstract
Muscle endurance has been measured using an electrical stimulation twitch protocol and an accelerometer. This protocol used stimulation frequencies of 2, 4, and 6 Hz over nine minutes. This study compared endurance index values using a shorter protocol of 5 Hz for 5 Minutes to the original nine minute protocol. Fifteen healthy subjects (19-22yrs) were electrically stimulated on the forearm muscles twice: one day for 5 minutes at 5 Hz and on another day for 3 minutes at each at 2, 4 and 6 Hz. A triaxial accelerometer measured the resultant vector of the movements and the decrease in acceleration was used to indicate fatigue. There was no difference in Endurance Index (EI) between the 5 and 9 minute protocols (63.2+18.7%, 64.1+19.8%, respectively, p=0.532). The correlation between the two EI measurements was y= 0.91x+4.99%, r2=0.93. Equivalency testing found the mean difference between EI values for the two methods was 0.88% with a 95% confidence interval of the difference in EI of -2.09 to 3.81%. In conclusion, the shorter 5 Hz five minute endurance index protocol provided similar results to the longer 2 ,4, 6 Hz nine minute protocol. These results support the use of the shorter protocol when measuring muscle specific endurance.
Article Details
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
2. Willingham TB, Backus D, McCully KK. Muscle Dysfunction and Walking Impairment in Women with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J MS Care. Nov-Dec 2019;21(6):249-256. doi:10.7224/1537-2073.2018-020
3. Mitchell T, Chacko B, Ballinger SW, Bailey SM, Zhang J, Darley-Usmar V. Convergent mechanisms for dysregulation of mitochondrial quality control in metabolic disease: implications for mitochondrial therapeutics. Biochem Soc Trans. Feb 1 2013;41(1):127-33. doi:10.1042/BST20120231
4. Mitchell T, Darley-Usmar V. Metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction: insights from preclinical studies with a mitochondrially targeted antioxidant. Free radical biology & medicine. Mar 1 2012;52(5):838-40. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.12.014
5. Kendall FD. Mitochondrial disorders: Overview of diagnostic tools and new diagnostic trends. Journal of Pediatric Biochemistry. 2012 2012;2(4):193-203.
6. Kluger BM, Krupp LB, Enoka RM. Fatigue and fatigability in neurologic illnesses: proposal for a unified taxonomy. Neurology. Jan 22 2013;80(4):409-16. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827f07be
7. Al-Mulla MR, Sepulveda F, Colley M. A review of non-invasive techniques to detect and predict localised muscle fatigue. Sensors (Basel). 2011;11(4):3545-94. doi:10.3390/s110403545
8. Taylor JL, Amann M, Duchateau J, Meeusen R, Rice CL. Neural Contributions to Muscle Fatigue: From the Brain to the Muscle and Back Again. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Mar 22 2016;doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000923
9. Willingham TB, McCully KK. Assessment of Muscle Fatigue during Twitch Electrical Stimulation using Accelerometer-based Mechanomyography. Advances in Skeletal Muscle Function Assessment. August, 2017 2017;1(2):14-20.
10. Bossie HM, Willingham TB, Schoick RAV, O'Connor PJ, McCully KK. Mitochondrial capacity, muscle endurance, and low energy in friedreich ataxia. Muscle Nerve. Oct 2017;56(4):773-779. doi:10.1002/mus.25524
11. Faxon JL, Sanni AA, McCully KK. Hamstrings muscle endurance in subjects with prior knee injuries. J Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2018;3(56):1-10. doi:10.3390/jfmk3040056
12. Hewgley RA, Moore BT, Willingham TB, Jenkins NT, McCully KK. Muscle mitochondrial capacity and endurance in adults with type 1 diabetes. Medical Research Archives. 2020;8(2):1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v8i2.2049
13. McCully KK, Moraes C, Patel SV, M. G, Willingham TB. Muscle-specific endurance of the lower back erectors using electrical twitch mechanomyography. J Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2019;4(12):1-7. doi:10:3390/jfmk4010012
14. McCully KK, Prins P, Mistry K, Willingham TB. Muscle-specific endurance of the trapezius muscles using electrical twitch mechanomyography. Shoulder Elbow. Apr 2018;10(2):136-143. doi:10.1177/1758573217726269
15. Lakens D. Equivalence Tests: A Practical Primer for t Tests, Correlations, and Meta-Analyses. Soc Psychol Pers Sci. May 2017;8(4):355-362. doi:10.1177/1948550617697177
16. Willingham TB, Melbourn J, Moldavskiy M, McCully KK, Backus D. Effects of Treadmill Training on Muscle Oxidative Capacity and Endurance in People with Multiple Sclerosis with Significant Walking Limitations. Int J MS Care. Jul-Aug 2019;21(4):166-172. doi:10.7224/1537-2073.2018-021
17. Ryan TE, Brizendine JT, McCully KK. A comparison of exercise type and intensity on the noninvasive assessment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function using near-infrared spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol (1985). Jan 15 2013;114(2):230-7. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01043.2012
18. Hicks AL, Kent-Braun J, Ditor DS. Sex differences in human skeletal muscle fatigue. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. Jul 2001;29(3):109-12. doi:10.1097/00003677-200107000-00004
19. Hunter SK. Sex differences and mechanisms of task-specific muscle fatigue. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. Jul 2009;37(3):113-22. doi:10.1097/JES.0b013e3181aa63e2
20. Gobbo M, Ce E, Diemont B, Esposito F, Orizio C. Torque and surface mechanomyogram parallel reduction during fatiguing stimulation in human muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol. May 2006;97(1):9-15. doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0134-8
21. Orizio C, Diemont B, Esposito F, et al. Surface mechanomyogram reflects the changes in the mechanical properties of muscle at fatigue. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. Sep 1999;80(4):276-84. doi:10.1007/s004210050593