The role of myostatin in alcohol and hypertensive heart diseases
Main Article Content
Abstract
Myostatin (GDF-8) is a major regulatory factor on cardiac metabolism, function and energy homeostasis. Although the main site for myostatin expression is the skeletal muscle, it has a relevant role in heart pathophysiology. Myostatin up-regulation inhibits cardiac myocyte proliferation and protects the cell from apoptosis. Myostatin disruption induces myocyte hyperplasia, hypertrophy and proliferation, increasing global cardiac mass. Myostatin up-regulation appears after different pathological heart conditions such as ventricular hypertrophy and chronic heart failure.
Alcohol misuse up-regulates myostatin cardiac expression, a fact similar to that happens in hypertension or other causes of cardiomyopathy (CMP). In the case of chronic alcoholics, this myostatin up-regulation is higher and the heart proliferation ratio lower compared to other groups with CMP. In the presence of isolated hypertension myocardial myostatin activity is not modified, but in hypertensive CMP, heart myostatin expression is clearly increased.
The presence of structural dilated CMP induces a significant increase in heart myostatin expression independently of their etiology, either in alcoholic, hypertensive, valve, ischemic or idiopathic CMP. In the setting of heart failure, myostatin expression is also up-regulated independently of their etiologic cause, especially in end-stage heart failure. Myostatin up-regulation probably appears to limit the compensatory but excessive cardiac growth. It contributes to restrict unhealthy repair mechanisms mostly myocyte hypertrophy and proliferation and also regulates heart energy homeostasis.
In addition to myostatin, other novel cardiomyokines such as IGF-1, FGF21 and Metrnl appear to have a relevant role in regulation of cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling. These cardiomyokines have also been proposed as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic agents.
In alcohol and hypertensive heart diseases, in addition to decrease heart aggressive factors (alcohol intake, hypertension overload), control of local cardiac neuro-hormonal pathways will be relevant points to consider in the future.
Article Details
How to Cite
FERNANDEZ-SOLA, JOAQUIM; PLANAVILA PORTA, ANA.
The role of myostatin in alcohol and hypertensive heart diseases.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 2, july 2016.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/514>. Date accessed: 26 dec. 2024.
Keywords
MYOSTATIN, HEART, ALCOHOL, HYPERTENSION, CARDIOMYOPATHY, HEART HYPERTROPHY, CARDIOMYOKINES.
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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PMID:16097361
Díez, J. (2009). Towards a new paradigm about hypertensive heart disease. Med Clin North Am, 93(3), 637-645. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2009.02.002. PMID:19427496
Dschietzig, T.B. (2014) Myostatin - From the Mighty Mouse to cardiovascular disease and cachexia. Clin Chim Acta, 433,216-224. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.03.021 PMID:24680839.
Fatjó, F., Fernández-Solà ,J., Lluis, M., Elena ,M., Badía, E., Sacanella, E., Estruch, R.,
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PMID:16867874
Fernández-Solà, J., Lluis, M., Sacanella, E., Estruch, R., Antúnez, E., Urbano-Márquez, A.(2011). Increased myostatin activity and decreased myocyte proliferation in chronic alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res,35(7),1220-1229. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-02.
Fernández-Solà, J., Borrisser-Pairó, F., Antúnez, E., Tobías, .E. (2015). Myostatin and
insulin-like growth factor-1 in hypertensive heart disease: a prospective study in human heart donors. J Hypertens, 33(4), 851-858; discussion 859. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000493
Fernández-Solà J. (2015). Cardiovascular risk and benefits of moderate and heavy alcohol consumption. Nature Rev Cardiol, 12(10), 576-587. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.91. PMID:21463333
Gaussin, V., Depre, C. (2005). Myostatin, the cardiac chalone of insulin-like growth
factor-1. Cardiovasc Res, 68(3),347-349.
PMID:16226233.
George, I., Bish, L.T., Kamalakkannan, G., Petrilli, C.M., Oz, M.C., Naka, Y., Sweeney, H.L., Maybaum ,S. (2010). Myostatin activation in patients with advanced heart failure and after mechanical unloading. Eur J Heart Fail,12,444–453. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq039. PMID: 20348550
Glembotski, C.C. (2010). Functions for the cardiomyokine, MANF, in cardioprotection,
hypertrophy and heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol, 51(4),512-517. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.10.008. PMID:20970425
Gruson, D., Ahnm S,A,, Ketelslegersm J,M,, Rousseaum M,F. (2011). Increased plasma myostatin in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail,13(7),734-736. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr024. PMID:21467027
Guzzo-Merello, G., Cobo-Marcos, M., Gallego-Delgado, M., Garcia-Pavia, P. (2014). Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiologic insights. World J Cardiol, 6(8), 771–781.
doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i8.771. PMCID: PMC4163706
Heineke, J., Auger-Messier, M., Xu, .J, Sargent, M., Yor,K., Welle, S,, Molkentin, J.D.(2010). Genetic deletion of myostatin from the heart prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure. Circulation, 121, 419-425. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.882068. PMID:20065166
Hill, J.A., Olson, E.N.(2008). Cardiac Plasticity. N Engl J Med, 358 (13),:1370-1380. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra072139.
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Fang, N.Y.(2006). Differential protein expression in hypertrophic heart with and without hypertension in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Proteomics. 6(6):1948-1956. Erratum in: Proteomics. 2006, 6(7):2326. PMID:16485256
Joulia-Ekaza D, Cabello G. (2006).Myostatin regulation of muscle development, molecular basis, natural mutations, physiopathological aspects. Exp Cell Res, 312 (13), 2401-2414.
PMID: 16793037
Kapiloff, M.S., Emter, C.A.(2016) . The cardiac enigma: current conundrums in
heartfailure research. F1000Res, 18(5). pii: F1000 Faculty Rev-72.
doi: 10.12688/f1000research.7278.1. PMID:26918161.
Karlowatz, R.J., Scharhag, J., Rahnenführer, J., Schneider, U., Jakob, E., Kindermann,W., Zang, K.D.(2011). Polymorphisms in the IGF1 signalling pathway including the myostatin gene are associated with left ventricular mass in male athletes. Br J Sports Med, 45(1),36-41. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.050567. PMID:19136503
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