Evaluation of Some Biochemical Parameters in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficient subjects of Hausa and Fulani ethnics
Main Article Content
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is a significant public health problem that is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of common diseases via increased oxidative stress and a decrease in the generation of nitric oxide. There is little information about its impact on some organ, hence the need for this research. This was a case-control study carried out on Hausa and Fulani ethnics in Kano. Heparinized 5 ml venous blood specimen were collected from 140 individuals (70 deficient and 70 control) aged between 18-35 years selected for the study to determine the blood levels of some biochemical parameters using standard methods. There were significant increase in transaminases (p<0.001), but significant decrease concentrations of sodium (p<0.05), chloride (p<0.001), alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001) and total protein (p<0.001) whereas there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the plasma concentration of albumin, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urea, creatinine, potassium and bicarbonate ions. Our results demonstrate extremely significantly lower (p<0.001 for all) concentration in glutathione reductase, total antioxidants potential, copper, zinc and non-significant decrease (p>0.05) in manganese level of G-6-PD deficient patients compared to controls, whereas malondialdehyde level showed an increasing trend on contrary. However, there were correlations between G-6-PD activity and oxidative stress markers. The findings of the present study suggest that liver and kidneys functions were not altered among people living with G-6-PD deficiency but induce oxidative stress which is not capable of causing organ impairment.
Keywords:
G-6-PD deficiency, oxidative stress, liver, kidneys, Hausa, Fulani, Kano-Nigeria
Article Details
How to Cite
I, Jelani et al.
Evaluation of Some Biochemical Parameters in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficient subjects of Hausa and Fulani ethnics.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 6, june 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5313>. Date accessed: 02 july 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i6.5313.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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19. Yasser EN, Hanan AF, Alaa A, Manal AH, Gihan AF. Evaluation of G-6-PD activity and antioxidants status in jaundiced Egyptian neonates. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2013; 5(12): 550-559.
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23. Shah JK, Walker's AM. Quantitative determination of MDA. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta. 1989;11:207-211.
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25. Goldberg DM, Spooner RJ. in Methods of Enzymatic Analysis (Bergmeyen, H.V. Ed) 3rd ed. Verlog Chemie, Deerfield Beach, 1983; Fl. 3:258-265.
26. Ahsan R, Islam M, Bulbul JI, Musaddik A, Haque E. Hepatoprotective activity of Methanol extract of some medicinal plants against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. European Journal of Scientific Research, 2009; 37(2): 302-310.
27. Ward FM, Daly M.J. Hepatic Disease. In: Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics (Walker R. And C. Edwards Eds.). Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1999; pp. 3346-3347.
28. Chan D. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: correlation between the genotype, biochemistry and phenotype. Annals of the Academy of Medicine of Singapore, 2008; 37(12Suppl):81.
29. Beutler E, Laubscher K. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Clinical Studies in Medical Biochemistry,. 1997; 91.
30. Anees M, Mumtaz A, Rizwan S. M, Amin J, Moin H, Sharif M M. Hematuria: a rare presentation of G-6-PD deficiency. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2004; 3(1):27-29.
31. Alavi SNS, Hoseini M. Clinical and laboratory findings in Favism. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 2005; 15(1): 13-20.
32. Nakhaee A, Salimi S, Zadehvakili A, Dabiri S, Noora M, Rezaei M. Moghaddam EM. The prevalence of Mediterranean mutation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in Zahedan. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2012; 14(3): 39-43.
33. Phalen CA, Vicent MG, Picot D, Jansonius JN, Lesk AM, Chorthia C. Domain closure in mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase. Journal of Moecular Biology, 1992; 227(1), 197-213.
34. Husni SF, Ali A Al-Atoom, Gaber MS. Explanation of the Decrease in Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Activity in Hemolysed Blood Samples from the Clinical Point of View: In vitro study. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, (2012); 5(2):125-128.
35. Aaron L, Is there a need for neonatal screening of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Canada? McGill Journal of Medicine, 2007; 10(1): 31-34.
36. Egesie OJ, Joseph DE, Isiguzoro I, Egesie UG, Glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity and deficiency in a population of Nigerian males resident in Jos. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 2008; 23 (1-2): 9-11.
37. Couto N, Wood J, Barber J. The role of glutathione reductase and related enzymes on cellular redox homoeostasis network, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2016; 95(2016)27–42.
38. Samuel AB, Jonathan KA, Peter OF, Stephen A, Ransford K, Mahmood AS. Comorbidity of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Sickle Cell Disease Exert Significant Effect on RBC Indices, Anemia, 2019; Article ID 3179173.
39. Karunanithy R, Saha N, Ng SE. Serum and red blood cell magnesium, copper and zinc content in G-6-PD deficiency. American Journal Hematology, 1990; 35(2):136-138.
2. Cappellini MD, Fiorelli G. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Lancet, 2008; 9606, 64–74.
3. Luzzatto L, Nannelli C, Notaro R. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, 2016, 30, 373–393.
4. Wang FL, Boo NY, Ainoon O, Wong MK. Comparison of detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency using fluorescent spot test, enzyme assay and molecular method for prediction of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Singapore Medical Journal, 2009; 50(1): 62-67.
5. Saidu Y, Bilbis LS, Lawal M, Isezuo SA, Hassan SW, Abbas AY. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of crude aqueous extract of Albizzia chevalieri harms (Leguminosae). Asian Journal of Biochemistry, 2007; 2: 224-236.
6. Akbar D, Muhammad SS, Mohammad RY, Esmaeil SM, Mohammad M, Bijan V, Zahra KK, Shaban A. Evaluation of liver and kidney function in favism patients. Medical Journal of Islamic Republic of Iran, 2013; 27(1): 17-22.
7. Mehta A, Mason PJ, Vulliamy TJ. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Best Practice and Research Clinical Haematology. 2000; 13(1): 21-38.
8. Agamemnon D, Stefan S. Color Atlas of Physiology 5th ed. 2003; Thieme Stuttgart · New York pp.148
9. Luzzatto, L. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: From genotype to phenotype. Haematologica, 2006: 91(10): 1303-1306.
10. Chugh K, Singhal P, Sharma BK, Mahakur AC, Pal Y, Datta BN, Das KC. Acute renal failure due to intravascular hemolysis in the North Indian patients. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 1977; 274(2):139-146.
11. Newsholme P, Rebelato E, Abdulkader F, Krause M, Carpinelli A, Curi R. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, antioxidant defences, and b-cell function: a critical role for amino acids. Journal of Endocrinology, 2012; 214: 11-20.
12. Jain M, Cui L, Brenner DA, Wang B, Handy DE, Leopold JA, Loscalzo J, Apstein CS, Liao R. Increased myocardial dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion in mice lacking glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Circulation, 2004; 109: 898-903.
13. Peter AH, Jane AL, Sachin AG, Fabio AR, William CS. Impact of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2013; 304: H491-H500.
14. Catherine B, Richard K. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and oxidative hemolysis. In: Robert, D., Glew and Miriam, Rosenthal, D. (eds). Clinical Studies in Medical Biochemistry. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. 2007; Pp.123-133.
15. Tsutsui H, Kinugawa S, Matsushima S. Oxidative stress and heart failure. American Journal of Physiology- Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2011; 301: H2181–H2190.
16. Soliman H, Gador A, Lu YH, Lin G, Bankar G, Macleod KM. Diabetes-induced increased oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes is sustained by a positive feedback loop involving Rho kinase and PKCbeta2. American Journal of Physiology- Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2012; 303: H989–H1000.
17. Ondei LS, Silveira LM, Leite AA, Souza DRS, Pinhel MAS, Percário S, Júnior OR, Bonini-Domingos, CR, Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity of G6PD-deficient patients with A-(202G>A) mutation. Genetics and Molecular Research, 2009; 8(4): 1345-1351.
18. Oduola T, Jelani I, Bolarin DM, Ndakotsu MA, Dallatu MK. Prevalence of Glucose -6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) Deficiency in Sokoto: Liver Function and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Deficient Individual British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 2016; 13(11): 1-6.
19. Yasser EN, Hanan AF, Alaa A, Manal AH, Gihan AF. Evaluation of G-6-PD activity and antioxidants status in jaundiced Egyptian neonates. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2013; 5(12): 550-559.
20. Dakata FAG, Yelwa SA, An Assessment of Mean Variation and inter-seasonal variation during Growing Season across Kano Region, Nigeria Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Derived from SPOT Satellite Data. Global Advanced Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2012; 3:059-064.
21. Malloy HT, Evelyn KA. The determination of bilirubin with the photoelectric colorimeter. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1937; 112(2): 481-491.
22. Bassey OA, Lowry OF, Brock MD. Method for the rapid determination of alkaline phosphates with cubic millimeters of serum. Journal of Biological Chemistry.1946;164:321-392.
23. Shah JK, Walker's AM. Quantitative determination of MDA. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta. 1989;11:207-211.
24. Sashindran R, Balasundaram M, Jegathambigai R, Kumar P. Evaluation of neuroprotective effect of quercetin and coenzyme Q10 in ethanol induced neurotoxicity in mice. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology. 2015;6(1):67-71.
25. Goldberg DM, Spooner RJ. in Methods of Enzymatic Analysis (Bergmeyen, H.V. Ed) 3rd ed. Verlog Chemie, Deerfield Beach, 1983; Fl. 3:258-265.
26. Ahsan R, Islam M, Bulbul JI, Musaddik A, Haque E. Hepatoprotective activity of Methanol extract of some medicinal plants against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. European Journal of Scientific Research, 2009; 37(2): 302-310.
27. Ward FM, Daly M.J. Hepatic Disease. In: Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics (Walker R. And C. Edwards Eds.). Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1999; pp. 3346-3347.
28. Chan D. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: correlation between the genotype, biochemistry and phenotype. Annals of the Academy of Medicine of Singapore, 2008; 37(12Suppl):81.
29. Beutler E, Laubscher K. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Clinical Studies in Medical Biochemistry,. 1997; 91.
30. Anees M, Mumtaz A, Rizwan S. M, Amin J, Moin H, Sharif M M. Hematuria: a rare presentation of G-6-PD deficiency. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2004; 3(1):27-29.
31. Alavi SNS, Hoseini M. Clinical and laboratory findings in Favism. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 2005; 15(1): 13-20.
32. Nakhaee A, Salimi S, Zadehvakili A, Dabiri S, Noora M, Rezaei M. Moghaddam EM. The prevalence of Mediterranean mutation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in Zahedan. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2012; 14(3): 39-43.
33. Phalen CA, Vicent MG, Picot D, Jansonius JN, Lesk AM, Chorthia C. Domain closure in mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase. Journal of Moecular Biology, 1992; 227(1), 197-213.
34. Husni SF, Ali A Al-Atoom, Gaber MS. Explanation of the Decrease in Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Activity in Hemolysed Blood Samples from the Clinical Point of View: In vitro study. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, (2012); 5(2):125-128.
35. Aaron L, Is there a need for neonatal screening of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Canada? McGill Journal of Medicine, 2007; 10(1): 31-34.
36. Egesie OJ, Joseph DE, Isiguzoro I, Egesie UG, Glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity and deficiency in a population of Nigerian males resident in Jos. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 2008; 23 (1-2): 9-11.
37. Couto N, Wood J, Barber J. The role of glutathione reductase and related enzymes on cellular redox homoeostasis network, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2016; 95(2016)27–42.
38. Samuel AB, Jonathan KA, Peter OF, Stephen A, Ransford K, Mahmood AS. Comorbidity of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Sickle Cell Disease Exert Significant Effect on RBC Indices, Anemia, 2019; Article ID 3179173.
39. Karunanithy R, Saha N, Ng SE. Serum and red blood cell magnesium, copper and zinc content in G-6-PD deficiency. American Journal Hematology, 1990; 35(2):136-138.