Challenges in the management of inconclusive breast findings on mammography in educated Nigerian women

Article Sidebar

26-Aug-5402.pdf
Published Aug 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i8.5402

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Submit your own article

Register as an author to reserve your spot in the next issue of the Medical Research Archives.

Author Registration

Join the Society

The European Society of Medicine is more than a professional association. We are a community. Our members work in countries across the globe, yet are united by a common goal: to promote health and health equity, around the world.

Join Europe’s leading medical society and discover the many advantages of membership, including free article publication.

Membership

Main Article Content

Ifeoluwasemilojo Aina, MBBS, MPA, FWACS
Department of Radiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
http://orcid.org/0009-0003-6008-6926 Victor Olufemi Oyedepo, MBBS, FWACS
Department of Radiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6094-4204 Ayankemi Adenike Olalere, MBBS, MSc, MPA, FWACS
Department of Radiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
http://orcid.org/0009-0009-6600-6812 Temitope Olugbenga Bello, MBBS, MD, FWACS, FMCR
Department of Radiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6404 Olateju Olusola Akanbi, MBBS, FWACS
Department of Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1795-564X Bamidele Oluwafemi Akanbi, MBBS, MWACS
Department of Radiology, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
http://orcid.org/0009-0003-4218-6659 Efetobo Ogboru, MBBS
Department of Radiology, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5142-9577 Ogooluwa James Olowomeye, MBChB
Department of Radiology, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8425-6754 Adeola Alabi, MBBS, MSc, PhD
Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria.
http://orcid.org/0009-0003-7774-231X

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women in middle to low-income countries with most women presenting with late disease. Mammography is a major screening tool for the early detection of breast cancer with wide coverage in developed countries when compared to low-income countries.


This study aims to evaluate the mammographic findings of women in southwest Nigeria, and also the follow-up rate of women with inconclusive findings on mammograms,


Methodology: This is a descriptive study of findings in women who presented for mammography at the Radiology Department of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso. Mammograms with two standard views were performed after the completion of a structured questionnaire and informed consent. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26 with a p-value ≤ 0.5.


Results: A total of 250 women participated in the study with an average age of 52.3±8.70 years and an age range of 36-86 years. Diagnostic mammography (55.2%) was more common than screening mammography and the commonest indication was breast lumps (25.2%). Heterogeneously dense breast density pattern (BIRADS C) which may obscure small masses is the most common (40.8%) while the most common final BIRADS category is 2, benign findings (51.6%), followed by BIRADS 0 (20%). Only 13 out of the 51 cases of BIRADS 0 had complementary imaging studies, and 38 (75%) failed to show up. Further, telephone interviews revealed that the most common reason for failure of follow up is poor counselling and ignorance.


Conclusion: There is a need to increase the awareness of regular mammograms for screening purposes in this environment as observed in developed climes and also for women to understand the clinical implication of their breast density pattern to reduce anxiety and increase their cooperation for further imaging studies.

Keywords: Breast cancer, Mammography, Inconclusive findings, BIRADS categories, Nigeria, Breast density, Screening compliance, Women's health

Article Details

How to Cite
AINA, Ifeoluwasemilojo et al. Challenges in the management of inconclusive breast findings on mammography in educated Nigerian women. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 8, aug. 2024. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5402>. Date accessed: 06 sep. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i8.5402.
ABNT APA BibTeX CBE EndNote - EndNote format (Macintosh & Windows) MLA ProCite - RIS format (Macintosh & Windows) RefWorks Reference Manager - RIS format (Windows only) Turabian
Issue
Vol 12 No 8 (2024): Vol 12 No 8 (2024): August ISSUE, Issue 8, VOl.12
Section
Research Articles

The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.

 

References

1. Ren W, Chen M, Qiao Y, Zhao F. Global guidelines for breast cancer screening: A systematic review. Breast. 2022 ;64:85–99. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35636342/

2. WHO | Breast cancer: prevention and control. WHO. 2016; Accessed 2012 Feb 16

3. GLOBOCAN 2020: New Global Cancer Data | UICC.Accessed 2021 Feb 16. Available from: https://www.uicc.org/news/globocan-2020-new-global-cancer-data

4. Oladimeji KE, Tsoka-Gwegweni JM, Igbodekwe FC, Twomey M, Akolo C, Balarabe HS, et al. Knowledge and beliefs of breast self-examination and breast cancer among market women in Ibadan, South West, Nigeria. PLoS One. 2015;10(11).

5. Gwarzo U., Sabitu K, Idris S. Knowledge and practice of breast-self examination among female undergraduate students of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. Ann Afr Med. 2009;8(1):55. Available from: http://www.annalsafrmed.org/text.asp?2009/8/1/55/55766

6. Obajimi MO, Ajayi IO, Oluwasola AO, Adedokun BO, Adeniji-Sofoluwe AT, Mosuro OA, et al. Level of awareness of mammography among women attending outpatient clinics in a teaching hospital in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1).

7. Akinola R.A, Akinola O. I, Shittu L.A. J Balogun B. O, Tayo A. O. Appraisal of mammography in Nigerian women in a new teaching hospital. Sci Res Essay. 2007;2(8):325–329. Available from: http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE

8. AE Gabwet, PM Gwom, EO Igoh, YF Taiwo, AJ Salaam, SM Danjem. Breast Disease Pattern in Jos North Central Nigeria: A review of Mammography Reports. Int J Sci Res Publ. 2020;10(3):p9909.

9. Akande HJ, Oyinloye OI, Olafimihan BB. Radiological findings of breast cancer screening in a newly equipped centre. Int J Med Med Sci. 2011;3(9):294–8. Available from: http://www.academicjournals.org/ijmms

10. Onwuchekwa RC, Alazigha NS. Mammographic profiles of women with symptomatic breast diseases in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Res J Heal Sci. 2018;5(4):188–93. Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/165770

11. Ayoade BA, Tade AO, Salami BA. Clinical Features and Pattern of Presentation of Breast Diseases in Surgical Outpatient Clinic of a Suburban Tertiary Hospital in South-West Nigeria. Niger J Surg Off Publ Niger Surg Res Soc. 2012;18( 1):13. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3716247/

12. Ozoilo K, Misauno M, Chukwuogo O, Ozoilo J, Ojo E, Yakubu A. Breast cancer screening in a resource poor setting: A preliminary report. J Med Trop. 2014;16(1):14. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/jomt/fulltext/2014/16010/breast_cancer_screening_in_a_resource_poor.4.aspx

13. Ehsanbakhsh A. R, Toosi F. S, Khorashadizadeh N. Breast Imaging: Different BIRADS Categories in Screening and Diagnostic Mammography. Iran J Radiol. 2009; 6(3):119-123

14. Obajimi M, Adeniji-Sofoluwe A, Oluwasola A, Adedokun B, Mosuro O, Adeoye A, et al. Screening mammography in Ibadan: Our experience. Niger J Basic Clin Sci. 2015 ;12(2):74. Available from: http://www.njbcs.net/text.asp?2015/12/2/74/169297

15. Olasehinde O, Alatise OI, Arowolo OA, Mango VL, Olajide OS, Omisore AD, et al. Barriers to mammography screening in Nigeria: A survey of two communities with different access to screening facilities. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019;28(2):e12 986. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6430195/

16. Olaogun JG, Omotayo JA, Ige JT, Omonisi AE, Akute OO, Aduayi OS. Socio-demographic, pattern of presentation and management outcome of breast cancer in a semi-urban tertiary health institution. PAMJ 2020; 36:363. 2020;36(363):1–10. Available from: https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/36/363/full

17. Aduayi O, Akanbi GO, Aduayi V. Introducing Digital Mammography in a Resource Constrained Setting: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Diagnostic Value in Ado-Ekiti, South Western Nigeria. J Med imaging. 2016;4(2):7.

18. Kolade-Yunusa HO, Salaam AJ, Danjem SM, Modibbo RM. An Audit of Diagnostic Mammography Examination among Women Presenting with Breast Symptoms. Eur J Med Heal Sci. 2023 Nov 22;5(6):15–21.

19. Ebubedike U, Umeh E, Anyanwu S, Ukah C, Ikegwuonu N. Pattern of mammography findings among symptomatic females referred for diagnostic mammography at a Tertiary Center in South-East Nigeria. West African J Radiol. 2016;23(1):23. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/wajr/fulltext/2016/23010/pattern_of_mammography_findings_among_symptomatic.6.aspx

20. Omisore AD. Mammography in Nigeria: A Rigorous Retrospective Analysis of One-Year Utilization in a Tertiary Hospital. Ann Breast Cancer. 2023;6(1):1024. Available from: http://meddocsonline.org/

21. Muhammad S, Saidu S, Ma’aji S, Musa A, Ibrahim H, Gusau S, et al. Mammographic screening patterns in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. Sahel Med J. 2024;22(1):23. Available from: https://www.smjonline.org/article.asp?issn=1118-8561;year=2019;volume=22;issue=1;spage=23;epage=27;aulast=Muhammad

22. Akande HJ, Olafimihan BB, Oyinloye OI. Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns in Asymptomatic Women. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2017;5(3):232. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6 298293/

23. Kolade-Yunusa HO, Itanyi UD. Outcome of Mammography Examination in Asymptomatic Women. Ann Afr Med. 2021;20(1):52. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC8102894/

24. Bello T., Olugbenga Bello AI, Oguntola AS, Adeoti ML, Ojemakinde OM. Knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening among female nurses and lay women in Osogbo, Nigeria - PubMed. West Afr J Med. 2011;30(4):296–300. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22669837/

25. Hyman I, Singh M, Ahmad F, Austin L, Meana M, George U, et al. The role of physicians in mammography referral for older Caribbean women in Canada. Medscape Womens Health. 2001 ;6(5):6–6. Available from: https://europepmc.org/article/med/11698928

26. Kuo CS, Chen GR, Hung SH, Liu YL, Huang KC, Cheng SY. Women with abnormal screening mammography lost to follow-up An experience from Taiwan. Med (United States). 2016;95(24). Available from: https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2016/06140/women_with_abnormal_screening_mammography_lost_to.42.aspx

27. Akande HJ, Olafimihan BB, Oyinloye OI. A five year audit of mammography in a tertiary hospital, North Central Nigeria. Niger Med J. 2015 ;56(3) :213. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4518340/