The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus presents a significant global healthcare challenge with a steadily rising prevalence. Recent research has shed light on the correlation between gut bacteria and the improvement or progression of type 2 diabetes. This review article delves into an evaluation of current knowledge of how the gut microbiota affects type 2 diabetes, focusing on the impact of microbial imbalances on insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. By evaluating current knowledge in this field, the study highlights the potential of modifying the gut microbiota through food plan adjustments, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal transplants as a promising strategy for managing type 2 diabetes. Additionally, it explores how specific microbial species and compounds influence glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, potentially providing targets for microbiota-focused interventions aimed at ameliorating the burden of type 2 diabetes.