New Findings and Emerging Trends in Postpartum Mental Illness: Risk Factors and Treatments
Main Article Content
Kathleen Kendall-Tackett, PhD, IBCLC, FAPA
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-1059
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-1059
Abstract
Research on postpartum depression and co-occurring conditions, such as anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), continues to accumulate at a rapid rate, with recent identification of new risk factors and treatments. This article highlights these recent findings. Recent studies have identified several groups of women more at risk for depression postpartum: women in the military; refugees, asylum seekers, and immigrants; women who gave birth during COVID, and women who smoke. In addition, there are several emerging treatments for depression that are promising that include non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic modalities. Among the non-pharmacologic treatments are acupuncture and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). New medications include ketamine and esketamine, and brexanolone and zuranolone. All these medications reduce symptoms quickly and have been approved to treat severe depression. Ketamine and esketamine have been approved for depression in general, while brexanolone and zuranolone specifically treat postpartum depression.
Keywords:
postpartum, depression, military, asylum seekers, COVID, smoking, esketamine, brexanolone, zuranolone
Article Details
How to Cite
KENDALL-TACKETT, Kathleen.
New Findings and Emerging Trends in Postpartum Mental Illness: Risk Factors and Treatments.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 8, aug. 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5592>. Date accessed: 04 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i8.5592.
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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Deligiannidis, K. M., Meltzer-Brody, S., Maximos, B., Peeper, E. Q., Freeman, M., Lasser, R., Bullock, A., Kotecha, M., Li, S., Forrestal, F., Rana, N., Garcia, M., Leclair, B., & Doherty, J. (2023). Zuanolone for the treatment of postpartum depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 180(9), 668-675. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20220785
Dennis, C.-L., Merry, L., Stewart, D., & Gagnon, A. J. (2016). Prevalence, continuation, and identification of postpartum depressive symptomatology among refugee, asylum-seeking, non-refugee immigrant, and Canadian-born women: Results from a prospective cohort study. Archive of Women's Mental Health, 19, 959-967. https://doi.org/ 10.10 07/s00737-016-0633-5
Fantasia, H. C. (2019). Brexanolone is the first drug specifically for postpartum depression. Nursing for Women's Health, 23(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/jmnwh.2019.07.004
Gannan, R., Sword, W., Thabane, L., Newbold, B., & Black, M. (2016). Predictors of postpartum depression among immigrant women in the year after childbirth. Journal of Women's Health, 25, 155-165.
Gerbasi, M. E., Meltzer-Brody, S., Acaster, S., Fridman, M., Bonthapally, V., Hodkins, P., Kanes, S. J., & Eldar-Lissai, A. (2021). Brexanolone in postpartum depression: Post hoc analyses to help inform clinical decision making. Journal of Women's Health, 20(3), 385-392. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8483
Gross, G. M., Kroll-Desrosiers, A. R., & Mattocks, K. (2020). A longitudinal investigation of military sexual trauma and perinatal depression. Journal of Women's Health, 29(1), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.7628
Huang, X., Zhuo, Y., Wang, X., Xu, J., Yang, Z., Zhou, Y., Lv, H., Ma, X., Yan, B., Zhao, H., & Yu, H. (2023). Structural and functional improvement of amygdala subregions in postpartum depression after acupuncture. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1163746
Kastello, J. C., Jacobsen, K. H., Gaffney, K. F., Kodadek, M. P., Bullock, L. C., & Sharps, P. W. (2016). Posttraumatic stress disorder among low-income women exposed to perinatal intimate partner violence. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 19, 521-528.
Kendall-Tackett, K. A. (2023). Depression in new mothers: Causes, consequences, and risk factors (Fourth edition ed., Vol. 1). Routledge.
Kendall-Tackett, K. A. (2024). Depression in new mothers, 4th Ed., Vol II: Screening, assessment, and treatment options. Routledge.
Knipscheer, J. W., & Kleber, R. J. (2006). The relative contribution of posttraumatic and acculturatie stress to subjective mental health among Bosnian refugees. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 339-353.
Lefaucheur, J.-P., Aleman, A., Baeken, C., Benninger, D. H., Brunelin, J., & Di Lazzaro, V. (2020). Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014-2018). Clinical Neurophysiology, 131(2), 474-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.002
Li, Y., Long, Z., Cao, D., & Cao, F. (2017). Maternal history of child maltreatment and maternal depression risk in the perinatal period: A longitudinal study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 63, 192-201. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.001
Liu, Y., Guo, N., Li, T., Zhuang, W., & Jiang, H. (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of pospartum anxiety and depression symptoms among women in Shanghai, China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 848=856. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.028
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