Preventive Care Practices: A Retrospective Database Study of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Adults with Diabetes

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Published Aug 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i8.5745

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Main Article Content

Shalom Onyinye Katas, MD
School of Medicine, International University of the Health Sciences (IUHS) Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis
Inelefo Roger Iyayi, MD
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
Princess Okoronkwo, PharmD
Department of Pharmacy, D’youville University, Buffalo, NY
Derek Olatunde Olagbemi, MBBS, LMCC
College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Tinuade Oladayo Adeakin-Dada, MD, LMCC, PGCertCR
Department of Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, St Kitts and Nevis
Oluwadamilola Daniel Odutola, MD
Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
Paul Akhere Momodu
Department of Medicine, International University of the Health Sciences Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis
Stephen N. Utulor, MD
Department of Medicine, International University of the Health Sciences (IUHS) School of Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis
Uzodinma Joseph Nwadinigwe, MBBS
Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku, Nigeria
Oluwabusayo Monsurat Osundiji, MD
Department of Medicine, St Martinus University, Curacao, Netherland Antilles
Okelue E. Okobi, MD
Department of Family Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital (PSC), Miami, FL, USA

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease that significantly increases the risk of complications from infections such as influenza and pneumococcal disease. Despite established recommendations for vaccination, coverage rates among adults with diabetes remain suboptimal. This study aims to analyze trends in influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates among adults with diabetes using the United States Diabetes Surveillance System (USDSS) database.


Methods: This retrospective database study utilized data from the USDSS from 2000 to 2022, which provides comprehensive nationwide data on diabetes care. The study population included adults aged 18 and above with a documented diagnosis of diabetes. Data were extracted on demographic variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity), clinical characteristics (type of diabetes, duration of diabetes, comorbid conditions), and vaccination records. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic and clinical characteristics, while temporal trends in vaccination rates were analyzed using graphical representations.


Results: Over the past two decades, influenza vaccination rates among adults with diabetes increased from 41.4% in 2000 to 56.7% in 2019, reflecting improved awareness and healthcare practices, though slightly dipping to 54.2% in 2022. In contrast, pneumococcal vaccination rates showed more variability, starting at 29.3% in 2000, peaking at 39.4% in 2018, and declining to 30.2% in 2022, indicating challenges in maintaining high coverage. Influenza vaccination rates showed an overall increasing trend across all demographic groups: rates among Hispanic individuals increased from 32.1% in 2000 to 55.4% in 2022, non-Hispanic Whites from 43.4% to 52.7%, and non-Hispanic Blacks from 39.2% to 44.5%. Pneumococcal vaccination rates also increased but displayed more variability; Hispanic rates peaked at 33.3% in 2016, non-Hispanic Whites at 45.6% in 2019, and non-Hispanic Blacks at 41.7% in 2017. Higher educational attainment was consistently associated with higher vaccination rates for both vaccines.


Conclusions: This study highlights significant improvements in influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates among adults with diabetes over the past two decades. However, disparities remain, particularly among racial and educational groups. Targeted strategies are necessary to address these disparities and enhance vaccination coverage, ultimately reducing the risk of severe infections in this vulnerable population.

Keywords: Preventive care, influenza, pneumococcal, vaccination trends, epidemiology, racial disparities, educational disparities, USDDS database, adults with diabetes

Article Details

How to Cite
KATAS, Shalom Onyinye et al. Preventive Care Practices: A Retrospective Database Study of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Adults with Diabetes. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 8, aug. 2024. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5745>. Date accessed: 04 dec. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i8.5745.
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Issue
Vol 12 No 8 (2024): Vol 12 No 8 (2024): August ISSUE, Issue 8, VOl.12
Section
Review Articles

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