Abstract
Artificial intelligence involves machines that can synthesize data on a scale that exceeds human ability, the capacity to analyze, learn, predict, and reason using algorithms that have the potential to improve over time. Artificial intelligence is beneficial in accuracy, speed, ability to analyze vast amounts of data, automating workflow, and reducing the need for repetitive tasks, and reducing human error. These tasks are particularly important for speech and image recognition, analyzing data, and creating predictive models. In health care, artificial intelligence can help guide diagnosis, treatment options, compliance, teaching, and administration activities. These activities have been demonstrated in many areas of medicine including Ophthalmology and in particular the retina and posterior segment subspecialty. This paper is a comprehensive review of the current applications of artificial intelligence in anterior segment specialties of Ophthalmology. This paper will demonstrate the applications of artificial intelligence in 1) Glaucoma to predict progression of disease, need for surgery, and who may develop acute angle closure glaucoma, 2) Keratoconus to identify early or subclinical keratoconus and predict who may experience progressive disease, 3) Keratitis to predict causation and which cases are more prone to rapidly progress, 4) Cataract to detect and give diagnostic objectivity, to calculate IOL power with more precision, to create smart surgery operating theaters, to aid in surgical training and to assess post-operative healing.