A Retrospective Study of the factors associated with deterioration severity of Coronavirus Disease-2019 illness at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia

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Published Nov 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i11.6083

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Main Article Content

Hayat Mushcab, PhD
Research Office, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad AlJabr, MD, ABFM
Population Health Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Areej AlDossary, MD, ABFM
Primary Care, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Kanan Alkanani, MD
Primary Care, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Turky Al Zahrani, MD, CCFP, ABFM
Primary Care, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Sofian Almulhim, MD, CCFP
Primary Care, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Hatim Kheir, MD, MRCGP, CCFP
Health Plus Medical, Calgary, Canada
Assim AlAbulkader, MD, MPH, FAAFP
Family Medicine and Community Department, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Yaser Alreshidi6, MBBS
Hail Cluster, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Nouf Albalawi, MD
Primary Care, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Wedyan Alabdullatif, MBBS
Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Hospital, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
Abrar Almarzooq, MD
Eastern Cluster, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Saeed Al Qahtani, MD, CCFP, FCFP, ACPE
Primary Care, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly progressed to a pandemic causing a severe burden on healthcare systems worldwide. COVID-19 has seriously threatened specific populations, such as the elderly and those with chronic illnesses.


Objective: In this study, we aim to determine risk factors contributing to and affecting COVID-19 severity and deterioration during illness.


Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and admitted to JHAH from March to July 2020.


Results: A total of 639 patients were included in this study. The vast majority were Saudi patients (87.3%). 465 (76%) were symptomatic with abnormal x-ray imaging diagnosis (56.2%). The predetermined clinical risk factors include obesity (46.3%); hypertension (42.3%); diabetes mellitus (41.8%); dyslipidemia (39%); ischemic heart disease (13.2%); chronic lung disease (11%); chronic kidney disease (10.3%); cancer (7.9%); congestive heart failure (6.1%); and immunocompromised patients (4.6%). However, most of these patients were stable upon admission (82.1%), while 9.7% were severely or critically ill. Ordinal regression analysis revealed that age, chest x-ray finding upon diagnosis, and presenting symptoms upon admission significantly impacted the deterioration pattern.


Conclusion: This study found that elderly and chronically ill patients are at higher risk for more severe COVID-19 infection and risk of deterioration, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and probably death when compared to younger and healthier patients.

Keywords: COVID-19, Chronic illness, severity, deterioration, risk factors, comorbidity

Article Details

How to Cite
MUSHCAB, Hayat et al. A Retrospective Study of the factors associated with deterioration severity of Coronavirus Disease-2019 illness at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 11, nov. 2024. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/6083>. Date accessed: 12 dec. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i11.6083.
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Issue
Vol 12 No 11 (2024): November Issue, Issue 11, VOl.12
Section
Research Articles

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