Evaluation of apical extrusion of debris after instrumentation with two reciprocating systems: RC Blue and Reciproc Blue
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to quantify the debris extruded after instrumentation with two reciprocating systems.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-six mandibular premolars with a single straight root canal and apical diameter compatible with a size 15 K-file were randomly divided into two groups (n = 18) according to the instrument used: RC Blue (Perfect, China) and Reciproc Blue (VDW; Munich, Germany). The dental roots were inserted into Eppendorf tubes up to the cement-enamel junction and weighed before instrumentation. The teeth were instrumented with one of the two systems up to a predetermined working length (20 mm). The root canals were instrumented by root thirds. In each instrumented third, the canal was irrigated with 3 mL of distilled water. The tubes were weighed again three times, and the amount of extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the average initial weight from the average final weight. The results were analyzed using Biostat 5.3 and subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. The sample exhibited non-normal behavior and was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (Student-Newman-Keuls) with a significance level of 5%.
Results: No significant difference was observed in the extrusion of debris between the RC Blue and Reciproc Blue systems (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Both tested reciprocating systems produced equivalent amounts of debris extruded apically after instrumentation of the mandibular premolars.
Article Details
How to Cite
BUENO, Luana V. R. et al.
Evaluation of apical extrusion of debris after instrumentation with two reciprocating systems: RC Blue and Reciproc Blue.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 11, nov. 2025.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/7055>. Date accessed: 06 dec. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v13i11.7055.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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9. Dincer AN, Guneser MB, Arslan D. Apical extrusion of debris during root canal preparation using a novel nickel-titanium file system: WaveOne gold. J Conserv Dent. 2017;20(5):322-325. doi:10.4103/JCD.JCD_407_16
10. De-Deus G, Silva EJNL, Vieira VTL, Belladonna FG, Elias CN, Plotino G, et al. Blue Thermomechanical Treatment Optimizes Fatigue Resistance and Flexibility of the Reciproc Files. J Endod. 2017;43(3):462-466. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.039
11. Uslu G, Özyürek T, Yılmaz K, Gündoğar M, Plotino G. Apically Extruded Debris during Root Canal Instrumentation with Reciproc Blue, HyFlex EDM, and XP-endo Shaper Nickel-titanium Files. J Endod. 2018;44(5):856-859. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2018.01.018
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15. Silva EJNL, Teixeira JM, Kudsi N, Sassone LM, Krebs RL, Coutinho-Filho TS. Influence of Apical Preparation Size and Working Length on Debris Extrusion. Braz Dent J. 2016;27(1):28-31. doi:10.1590/0103-6440201600337
16. Rodrigues RCV, Zandi H, Kristoffersen AK, Enersen M, Mdala I, Ørstavik D, et al. Influence of the Apical Preparation Size and the Irrigant Type on Bacterial Reduction in Root Canal-treated Teeth with Apical Periodontitis. J Endod. 2017;43(7):1058-1063. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2017.02.004
17. Alves FRFF, Paiva PL, Marceliano-Alves MF, Cabreira LJ, Lima KC, Siqueira JF, et al. Bacteria and Hard Tissue Debris Extrusion and Intracanal Bacterial Reduction Promoted by XP-endo Shaper and Reciproc Instruments. J Endod. 2018;44(7):1173-1178. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2018.04.007
18. Dagna A, El Abed R, Hussain S, Abu-Tahun IH, Visai L, Bertoglio F, et al. Comparison of apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria by various glide-path establishing systems: an in vitro study. Restor Dent Endod. 2017;42(4):316-323. doi:10.5395/rde.2017.42.4.316
19. Cuellar MRC, Velásquez-Espedilla EG, PEDRINHA VF, Vivan RR, Duarte MAH, ANDRADE FB de, et al. Can kinematics, file diameter, and PUI influence the intracanal decontamination and apical bacterial extrusion? Braz Oral Res. 2020;35:e003. doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0003
20. Myers GL, Montgomery S. A comparison of weights of debris extruded apically by conventional filing and Canal Master techniques. J Endod. 1991;17(6):275-279. doi:10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81866-2
21. Boijink D, Costa DD, Hoppe CB, Kopper PMP, Grecca FS. Apically Extruded Debris in Curved Root Canals Using the WaveOne Gold Reciprocating and Twisted File Adaptive Systems. J Endod. 2018;44(8):1289-1292. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2018.04.011
22. Lu Y, Wang R, Zhang L, Li HL, Zheng QH, Zhou XD, et al. Apically extruded debris and irrigant with two Ni-Ti systems and hand files when removing root fillings: a laboratory study. Int Endod J. 2013;46(12):1125-1130. doi:10.1111/iej.12104
23. Gasparelli CHC, Marceliano-Alves MFV, Bastos LF, Lopes RT, Limoeiro AG da S, Nascimento WM, et al. Analysis of the penetration of NaOCl 5.25% into dentinal tubules using different irrigation protocols: An ex vivo study. Australian Endodontic Journal. 2024;50(1):140-147. doi:10.1111/aej.12824
24. De-Deus G, Neves A, Silva EJ, Mendonça TA, Lourenço C, Calixto C, et al. Apically extruded dentin debris by reciprocating single-file and multi-file rotary system. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(2):357-361. doi:10.1590/0103-6440201302188
25. Nouroloyouni A, Shahi S, Salem Milani A, Noorolouny S, Farhang R, Yousefi Azar A. In vitro apical extrusion of debris and instrumentation time following root canal instrumentation with Reciproc and Reciproc Blue instruments and a novel stainless steel rotary system (Gentlefile) versus manual instrumentation. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2023;17(3):136-141. doi:10.34172/joddd.2023.39271
26. Alrahhal M, Tunç F. Comparison of four different file systems in terms of transportation in S-shaped canals and apically extruded debris. J Oral Sci. 2024;66(4):226-230. doi:10.2334/josnusd.24-0015
27. Ahmad MZ. Assessment of Debris Extrusion in Curved Canals: An In Vitro Analysis of Various Single-File Endodontic Instrumentation Systems. Int J Dent. 2024;2024:8367693. doi:10.1155/2024/8367693
28. Bürklein S, Schäfer E. Apically extruded debris with reciprocating single-file and full-sequence rotary instrumentation systems. J Endod. 2012;38(6):850-852. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2012.02.017
2. Siqueira JF. Microbial causes of endodontic flare-ups. Int Endod J. 2003;36(7):453-463. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00671.x
3. Borges ÁH, Pereira TM, Porto AN, de Araújo Estrela CR, Miranda Pedro FL, Aranha AMF, et al. The influence of cervical preflaring on the amount of apically extruded debris after root canal preparation using different instrumentation systems. J Endod. 2016;42(3):465-469. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2015.10.010
4. Arruda-Vasconcelos R, Barbosa-Ribeiro M, Louzada LM, Mantovani GD, Gomes BP. Apically Extruded Debris Using Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Associated with Different Root Canal Irrigants. Braz Dent J. 2019;30(4):363-367. doi:10.1590/0103-6440201902674
5. Tejada S, Baca P, Ferrer-Luque CM, Ruiz-Linares M, Valderrama MJ, Arias-Moliz MT. Influence of dentine debris and organic tissue on the properties of sodium hypochlorite solutions. Int Endod J. 2019;52(1):114-122. doi:10.1111/iej.12986
6. Ahmad MZ, Sadaf D, MacBain MMC, Merdad KA. Effect of mode of rotation on apical extrusion of debris with four different single-file endodontic instrumentation systems: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian Endodontic Journal. 2022;48(1):202-218. doi:10.1111/aej.12612
7. Caviedes‐Bucheli J, Castellanos F, Vasquez N, Ulate E, Munoz HR. The influence of two reciprocating single‐file and two rotary‐file systems on the apical extrusion of debris and its biological relationship with symptomatic apical periodontitis. A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Int Endod J. 2016;49(3):255-270. doi:10.1111/iej.12452
8. Silva EJNL, Carapiá MF, Lopes RM, Belladonna FG, Senna PM, Souza EM, et al. Comparison of apically extruded debris after large apical preparations by full-sequence rotary and single-file reciprocating systems. Int Endod J. 2016;49(7):700-705. doi:10.1111/iej.12503
9. Dincer AN, Guneser MB, Arslan D. Apical extrusion of debris during root canal preparation using a novel nickel-titanium file system: WaveOne gold. J Conserv Dent. 2017;20(5):322-325. doi:10.4103/JCD.JCD_407_16
10. De-Deus G, Silva EJNL, Vieira VTL, Belladonna FG, Elias CN, Plotino G, et al. Blue Thermomechanical Treatment Optimizes Fatigue Resistance and Flexibility of the Reciproc Files. J Endod. 2017;43(3):462-466. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.039
11. Uslu G, Özyürek T, Yılmaz K, Gündoğar M, Plotino G. Apically Extruded Debris during Root Canal Instrumentation with Reciproc Blue, HyFlex EDM, and XP-endo Shaper Nickel-titanium Files. J Endod. 2018;44(5):856-859. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2018.01.018
12. Schneider SW. A comparison of canal preparations in straight and curved root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;32(2):271-275. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(71)90230-1
13. Schäfer E, Diez C, Hoppe W, Tepel J. Roentgenographic investigation of frequency and degree of canal curvatures in human permanent teeth. J Endod. 2002;28(3):211-216. doi:10.1097/00004770-200203000-00017
14. Amaral AP, Limongi PBOC, Fontana CE, Martin AS De, Bueno CEDS, Pinheiro SL. Debris Apically Extruded by Two Reciprocating Systems: A Comparative Quantitative Study. Eur J Dent. 2019;13(4):625-628. doi:10.1055/s-0039-3400550
15. Silva EJNL, Teixeira JM, Kudsi N, Sassone LM, Krebs RL, Coutinho-Filho TS. Influence of Apical Preparation Size and Working Length on Debris Extrusion. Braz Dent J. 2016;27(1):28-31. doi:10.1590/0103-6440201600337
16. Rodrigues RCV, Zandi H, Kristoffersen AK, Enersen M, Mdala I, Ørstavik D, et al. Influence of the Apical Preparation Size and the Irrigant Type on Bacterial Reduction in Root Canal-treated Teeth with Apical Periodontitis. J Endod. 2017;43(7):1058-1063. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2017.02.004
17. Alves FRFF, Paiva PL, Marceliano-Alves MF, Cabreira LJ, Lima KC, Siqueira JF, et al. Bacteria and Hard Tissue Debris Extrusion and Intracanal Bacterial Reduction Promoted by XP-endo Shaper and Reciproc Instruments. J Endod. 2018;44(7):1173-1178. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2018.04.007
18. Dagna A, El Abed R, Hussain S, Abu-Tahun IH, Visai L, Bertoglio F, et al. Comparison of apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria by various glide-path establishing systems: an in vitro study. Restor Dent Endod. 2017;42(4):316-323. doi:10.5395/rde.2017.42.4.316
19. Cuellar MRC, Velásquez-Espedilla EG, PEDRINHA VF, Vivan RR, Duarte MAH, ANDRADE FB de, et al. Can kinematics, file diameter, and PUI influence the intracanal decontamination and apical bacterial extrusion? Braz Oral Res. 2020;35:e003. doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0003
20. Myers GL, Montgomery S. A comparison of weights of debris extruded apically by conventional filing and Canal Master techniques. J Endod. 1991;17(6):275-279. doi:10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81866-2
21. Boijink D, Costa DD, Hoppe CB, Kopper PMP, Grecca FS. Apically Extruded Debris in Curved Root Canals Using the WaveOne Gold Reciprocating and Twisted File Adaptive Systems. J Endod. 2018;44(8):1289-1292. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2018.04.011
22. Lu Y, Wang R, Zhang L, Li HL, Zheng QH, Zhou XD, et al. Apically extruded debris and irrigant with two Ni-Ti systems and hand files when removing root fillings: a laboratory study. Int Endod J. 2013;46(12):1125-1130. doi:10.1111/iej.12104
23. Gasparelli CHC, Marceliano-Alves MFV, Bastos LF, Lopes RT, Limoeiro AG da S, Nascimento WM, et al. Analysis of the penetration of NaOCl 5.25% into dentinal tubules using different irrigation protocols: An ex vivo study. Australian Endodontic Journal. 2024;50(1):140-147. doi:10.1111/aej.12824
24. De-Deus G, Neves A, Silva EJ, Mendonça TA, Lourenço C, Calixto C, et al. Apically extruded dentin debris by reciprocating single-file and multi-file rotary system. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(2):357-361. doi:10.1590/0103-6440201302188
25. Nouroloyouni A, Shahi S, Salem Milani A, Noorolouny S, Farhang R, Yousefi Azar A. In vitro apical extrusion of debris and instrumentation time following root canal instrumentation with Reciproc and Reciproc Blue instruments and a novel stainless steel rotary system (Gentlefile) versus manual instrumentation. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2023;17(3):136-141. doi:10.34172/joddd.2023.39271
26. Alrahhal M, Tunç F. Comparison of four different file systems in terms of transportation in S-shaped canals and apically extruded debris. J Oral Sci. 2024;66(4):226-230. doi:10.2334/josnusd.24-0015
27. Ahmad MZ. Assessment of Debris Extrusion in Curved Canals: An In Vitro Analysis of Various Single-File Endodontic Instrumentation Systems. Int J Dent. 2024;2024:8367693. doi:10.1155/2024/8367693
28. Bürklein S, Schäfer E. Apically extruded debris with reciprocating single-file and full-sequence rotary instrumentation systems. J Endod. 2012;38(6):850-852. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2012.02.017