PRIMARY SCREENING FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Main Article Content
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global public health problem with increasing incidence worldwide and an overall prevalence of approximately 10% to 15% of the general population. Early detection, appropriate risk stratification and treatment may delay or prevent the complications of CKD such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and early mortality.
We review here the existing recommendations and considerations in the design of screening and detection programs for CKD. While these programs may be cost effective in specific high risk populations, pitfalls remain in the broad application of screening programs in terms of labeling of disease, excessive costs and risks of treatment in low risk patients. Efforts must continue to evaluate and refine evidence-based targeted screening programs to reduce the global burden of CKD and improve health outcomes for this emerging public health problem.
Article Details
How to Cite
GUPTA, Nisha; KOMENDA, Paul.
PRIMARY SCREENING FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 8, dec. 2016.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/858>. Date accessed: 19 apr. 2024.
Keywords
Chronic Kidney Disease, Screening
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
REFERENCES
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2. Berns JS. Routine screening for CKD should be done in asymptomatic adults... selectively. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2014;9(11):1988-92.
3. Komenda P, Rigatto C, Tangri N. Screening Strategies for Unrecognized CKD. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2016;11(6):925-7.
4. McClellan WM, Ramirez SP, Jurkovitz C. Screening for chronic kidney disease: unresolved issues. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2003;14(7 Suppl 2):S81-7.
5. Levey AS, Coresh J. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2012;379(9811):165-80.
6. Coresh J, Turin TC, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Ballew SH, Appel LJ, et al. Decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and subsequent risk of end-stage renal disease and mortality. JAMA. 2014;311(24):2518-31.
7. Nugent RA, Fathima SF, Feigl AB, Chyung D. The burden of chronic kidney disease on developing nations: a 21st century challenge in global health. Nephron Clinical practice. 2011;118(3):c269-77.
8. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. The New England journal of medicine. 2004;351(13):1296-305.
9. Komenda P, Ferguson TW, Macdonald K, Rigatto C, Koolage C, Sood MM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of primary screening for CKD: a systematic review. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2014;63(5):789-97.
10. Ferguson TW, Tangri N, Rigatto C, Komenda P. Cost-effective treatment modalities for reducing morbidity associated with chronic kidney disease. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research. 2015;15(2):243-52.
11. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of
Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl 3: 1–150, 2013. 2012.
12. Zhang QL, Rothenbacher D. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in population-based studies: systematic review. BMC public health. 2008;8:117.
13. Howard K, Salkeld G, White S, McDonald S, Chadban S, Craig JC, et al. The cost-effectiveness of increasing kidney transplantation and home-based dialysis. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic). 2009;14(1):123-32.
14. Amin AP, Whaley-Connell AT, Li S, Chen SC, McCullough PA, Kosiborod MN. The synergistic relationship between estimated GFR and microalbuminuria in predicting long-term progression to ESRD or death in patients with diabetes: results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2013;61(4 Suppl 2):S12-23.
15. Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR, Stevens LA, McFarlane SI, Shlipak MG, Norris KC, et al. CKD in the United States: Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;51(4 Suppl 2):S13-20.
16. Oster RT, Virani S, Strong D, Shade S, Toth EL. Diabetes care and health status of First Nations individuals with type 2 diabetes in Alberta. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien. 2009;55(4):386-93.
17. Kondo M, Yamagata K, Hoshi SL, Saito C, Asahi K, Moriyama T, et al. Cost-effectiveness of chronic kidney disease mass screening test in Japan. Clinical and experimental nephrology. 2012;16(2):279-91.
18. van der Velde M, Halbesma N, de Charro FT, Bakker SJ, de Zeeuw D, de Jong PE, et al. Screening for albuminuria identifies individuals at increased renal risk. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(4):852-62.
19. Chang TI, Li S, Chen SC, Peralta CA, Shlipak MG, Fried LF, et al. Risk factors for ESRD in individuals with preserved estimated GFR with and without albuminuria: results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2013;61(4 Suppl 2):S4-11.
20. Qaseem A, Hopkins RH, Jr., Sweet DE, Starkey M, Shekelle P, Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of P. Screening, monitoring, and treatment of stage 1 to 3 chronic kidney disease: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(12):835-47.
21. Moyer VA, Force USPST. Screening for chronic kidney disease: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157(8):567-70.
22. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2002;39(2 Suppl 1):S1-266.
23. Inker LA, Astor BC, Fox CH, Isakova T, Lash JP, Peralta CA, et al. KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63(5):713-35.
24. Executive summary: standards of medical care in diabetes--2011. Diabetes care. 2011;34 Suppl 1:S4-10.
25. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, Jr., et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. Jama. 2003;289(19):2560-72.
26. Boulware LE, Jaar BG, Tarver-Carr ME, Brancati FL, Powe NR. Screening for proteinuria in US adults: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Jama. 2003;290(23):3101-14.
27. Craig JC, Barratt A, Cumming R, Irwig L, Salkeld G. Feasibility study of the early detection and treatment of renal disease by mass screening. Internal medicine journal. 2002;32(1-2):6-14.
28. Grosse SD. Assessing cost-effectiveness in healthcare: history of the $50,000 per QALY threshold. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research. 2008;8(2):165-78.
29. Schold J, Srinivas TR, Sehgal AR, Meier-Kriesche HU. Half of kidney transplant candidates who are older than 60 years now placed on the waiting list will die before receiving a deceased-donor transplant. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2009;4(7):1239-45.
30. Komenda P, Lavallee B, Ferguson TW, Tangri N, Chartrand C, McLeod L, et al. The Prevalence of CKD in Rural Canadian Indigenous Peoples: Results From the First Nations Community Based Screening to Improve Kidney Health and Prevent Dialysis (FINISHED) Screen, Triage, and Treat Program. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2016;68(4):582-90.
31. Siegel JE, Krolewski AS, Warram JH, Weinstein MC. Cost-effectiveness of screening and early treatment of nephropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 1992;3(4 Suppl):S111-9.
1. Nielsen C, Lang RS. Principles of screening. The Medical clinics of North America. 1999;83(6):1323-37, v.
2. Berns JS. Routine screening for CKD should be done in asymptomatic adults... selectively. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2014;9(11):1988-92.
3. Komenda P, Rigatto C, Tangri N. Screening Strategies for Unrecognized CKD. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2016;11(6):925-7.
4. McClellan WM, Ramirez SP, Jurkovitz C. Screening for chronic kidney disease: unresolved issues. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2003;14(7 Suppl 2):S81-7.
5. Levey AS, Coresh J. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2012;379(9811):165-80.
6. Coresh J, Turin TC, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Ballew SH, Appel LJ, et al. Decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and subsequent risk of end-stage renal disease and mortality. JAMA. 2014;311(24):2518-31.
7. Nugent RA, Fathima SF, Feigl AB, Chyung D. The burden of chronic kidney disease on developing nations: a 21st century challenge in global health. Nephron Clinical practice. 2011;118(3):c269-77.
8. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. The New England journal of medicine. 2004;351(13):1296-305.
9. Komenda P, Ferguson TW, Macdonald K, Rigatto C, Koolage C, Sood MM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of primary screening for CKD: a systematic review. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2014;63(5):789-97.
10. Ferguson TW, Tangri N, Rigatto C, Komenda P. Cost-effective treatment modalities for reducing morbidity associated with chronic kidney disease. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research. 2015;15(2):243-52.
11. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of
Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl 3: 1–150, 2013. 2012.
12. Zhang QL, Rothenbacher D. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in population-based studies: systematic review. BMC public health. 2008;8:117.
13. Howard K, Salkeld G, White S, McDonald S, Chadban S, Craig JC, et al. The cost-effectiveness of increasing kidney transplantation and home-based dialysis. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic). 2009;14(1):123-32.
14. Amin AP, Whaley-Connell AT, Li S, Chen SC, McCullough PA, Kosiborod MN. The synergistic relationship between estimated GFR and microalbuminuria in predicting long-term progression to ESRD or death in patients with diabetes: results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2013;61(4 Suppl 2):S12-23.
15. Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR, Stevens LA, McFarlane SI, Shlipak MG, Norris KC, et al. CKD in the United States: Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;51(4 Suppl 2):S13-20.
16. Oster RT, Virani S, Strong D, Shade S, Toth EL. Diabetes care and health status of First Nations individuals with type 2 diabetes in Alberta. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien. 2009;55(4):386-93.
17. Kondo M, Yamagata K, Hoshi SL, Saito C, Asahi K, Moriyama T, et al. Cost-effectiveness of chronic kidney disease mass screening test in Japan. Clinical and experimental nephrology. 2012;16(2):279-91.
18. van der Velde M, Halbesma N, de Charro FT, Bakker SJ, de Zeeuw D, de Jong PE, et al. Screening for albuminuria identifies individuals at increased renal risk. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(4):852-62.
19. Chang TI, Li S, Chen SC, Peralta CA, Shlipak MG, Fried LF, et al. Risk factors for ESRD in individuals with preserved estimated GFR with and without albuminuria: results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2013;61(4 Suppl 2):S4-11.
20. Qaseem A, Hopkins RH, Jr., Sweet DE, Starkey M, Shekelle P, Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of P. Screening, monitoring, and treatment of stage 1 to 3 chronic kidney disease: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(12):835-47.
21. Moyer VA, Force USPST. Screening for chronic kidney disease: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157(8):567-70.
22. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2002;39(2 Suppl 1):S1-266.
23. Inker LA, Astor BC, Fox CH, Isakova T, Lash JP, Peralta CA, et al. KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63(5):713-35.
24. Executive summary: standards of medical care in diabetes--2011. Diabetes care. 2011;34 Suppl 1:S4-10.
25. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, Jr., et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. Jama. 2003;289(19):2560-72.
26. Boulware LE, Jaar BG, Tarver-Carr ME, Brancati FL, Powe NR. Screening for proteinuria in US adults: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Jama. 2003;290(23):3101-14.
27. Craig JC, Barratt A, Cumming R, Irwig L, Salkeld G. Feasibility study of the early detection and treatment of renal disease by mass screening. Internal medicine journal. 2002;32(1-2):6-14.
28. Grosse SD. Assessing cost-effectiveness in healthcare: history of the $50,000 per QALY threshold. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research. 2008;8(2):165-78.
29. Schold J, Srinivas TR, Sehgal AR, Meier-Kriesche HU. Half of kidney transplant candidates who are older than 60 years now placed on the waiting list will die before receiving a deceased-donor transplant. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2009;4(7):1239-45.
30. Komenda P, Lavallee B, Ferguson TW, Tangri N, Chartrand C, McLeod L, et al. The Prevalence of CKD in Rural Canadian Indigenous Peoples: Results From the First Nations Community Based Screening to Improve Kidney Health and Prevent Dialysis (FINISHED) Screen, Triage, and Treat Program. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2016;68(4):582-90.
31. Siegel JE, Krolewski AS, Warram JH, Weinstein MC. Cost-effectiveness of screening and early treatment of nephropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 1992;3(4 Suppl):S111-9.