Is Endoplasmic Reticulum Stresslinked to the Pathogenesis of Pemphigus Vulgaris?
Main Article Content
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is anorgan-specific autoimmune blistering disease, affecting the skin and the mucous membranes. Despite the breakthroughs in therapy for advanced disease in the recent years, the management of PV remains challenging with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options.Cloning of cDNAs encoding pemphigus antigens has provided ample evidence that IgG autoantibodies recognize the desmogleins (DSGs) that are found in the adhering junctions, the desmosomes. Binding of such IgGs in the DSGs results in the weakeningof intercellular adhesion of keratinocytes in the upper part of the epidermis and eventually to acantholysis. Desmosomes have instrumental roleas a protective barrier in maintaining the integrity and function of the epidermis and the mucous epithelia.Mechanistically, the production of IgG autoantibodies against DSG1 and DSG3 is linked to disease pathogenesis. Recently,endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress,a highly conserved cellular stress response,has been proposed to play a role in the development and progression of PV. ER stress triggers the activation ofseveral intracellular signaling pathwaysthat collectively constitute the unfolded protein response (UPR) thatinitially aims to restore homeostaticbalance while subsequently becomes proapoptotic. The discovery that ER stress occurs during PV development implies that deregulated UPR may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Future studies should be directed toward understanding how modulation of the ER can provide new therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of PV patients.
Key Words:Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), desmogleins (DSGs), Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress ER-stress, Unfolded protein response (UPR), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), autoimmune disease
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How to Cite
MIHAILIDOUA, Chrysovalantou; KIARISA, Hippokratis; CHATZISTAMOU, Ioulia.
Is Endoplasmic Reticulum Stresslinked to the Pathogenesis of Pemphigus Vulgaris?.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 7, nov. 2016.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/773>. Date accessed: 04 dec. 2024.
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Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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Harding, H. P., Novoa, I., Zhang, Y., Zeng, H., Wek, R., Schapira, M., & Ron, D. (2000). Regulated Translation Initiation Controls Stress-Induced Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells. Molecular Cell, 6(5), 1099–1108. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00108-8
Harding, H. P., Zhang, Y., & Ron, D. (1999). Protein translation and folding are coupled by an endoplasmic-reticulum-resident kinase. Nature, 397(6716), 271–274. http://doi.org/10.1038/16729
Harding, H. P., Zhang, Y., Bertolotti, a, Zeng, H., & Ron, D. (2000). Perk is essential for translational regulation and cell survival during the unfolded protein response. Molecular Cell, 5(5), 897–904. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80330-5
Hashimoto T., Ogawa M.M., Konohana A., Nishikawa T. (1990) Detection of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus antigens by immunoblot analysis using different antigen sources. J. Invest. Dermatol. 94, 327–331
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Ishii, K., Amagai, M., Hall, R. P., Hashimoto, T., Takayanagi, A., Gamou, S., Nishikawa, T. (1997). Characterization of autoantibodies in pemphigus using antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with baculovirus-expressed recombinant desmogleins. Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). http://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001782
Jolly, P. S., Berkowitz, P., Bektas, M., Lee, H. E., Chua, M., Diazr, L. A., & Rubenstein, D. S. (2010). p38MAPK signaling and desmoglein-3 internalization are linked events in pemphigus acantholysis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285(12), 8936–8941. http://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.087999
Kershenovich R., Hodak E., Mimouni D. (2014) Diagnosis and classification of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. Autoimmun. Rev. 13, 477–81.
Koch P.J., Walsh M.J., Schmelz M., Goldschmidt M.D., Zimbelmann R., Franke W.W. (1990) Identification of desmoglein, a constitutive desmosomal glycoprotein, as a member of the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 53, 1–12 [PubMed]
Koulu, L., Kusumi, A., Steinberg, M. S., Klaus-Kovtun, V., & Stanley, J. R. (1984). Human autoantibodies against a desmosomal core protein in pemphigus foliaceus. J Exp Med, 160(5), 1509–1518. http://doi.org/10.1084/jem.160.5.1509
Lanza, A., Lanza, M., Santoro, R., Soro, V., Prime, S. S., & Cirillo, N. (2011). Deregulation of PERK in the autoimmune disease pemphigus vulgaris occurs via IgG-independent mechanisms. British Journal of Dermatology, 164(2), 336–343. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10084.x
Lee, A.-H., Iwakoshi, N. N., & Glimcher, L. H. (2003). XBP-1 regulates a subset of endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperone genes in the unfolded protein response. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 23(21), 7448–59. http://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.23.21.7448
Malheiros, D., Panepucci, R. A., Roselino, A. M., Araújo, A. G., Zago, M. A., & Petzl-Erler, M. L. (2014). Genome-wide gene expression profiling reveals unsuspected molecular alterations in pemphigus foliaceus. Immunology, 143(3), 381–395. http://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12315
Mao, X., Sano, Y., Park, J. M., & Payne, A. S. (2011). p38 MAPK activation is downstream of the loss of intercellular adhesion in pemphigus vulgaris. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286(2), 1283–1291. http://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.172874
Mascaro JM Jr, Espana A, Liu Z, Ding X, Swartz SJ, et al. (1997) Mechanisms of acantholysis in pemphigus vulgaris: role of IgG valence. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 85: 90–96
Mihailidou C, Katsoulas N, Panagiotou E, Farmaki E, Sklavounou A, Kiaris H, Chatzistamou I. (2016) Endoplasmic Reticulum stress is associated with the pathogenesis of Pemphigus Vulgaris. Exp Dermatol. Apr 6. doi: 10.1111/exd.13026.
Mihailidou C., Papazian I., Papavassiliou A. G., Kiaris H. (2010) CHOP-dependent Regulation of p21/waf1 During ER Stress. Cell Physiol Biochem, 25(6),761-6.
Mihailidou, Ca., Chatzistamou, I., Papavassiliou, A. G., & Kiaris, H. (2015). Regulation of P21 during diabetes-associated stress of the endoplasmic reticulum. Endocrine-Related Cancer, 22(2), 217–228. http://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-15-0018
Mihailidou, Cb., Chatzistamou, I., Papavassiliou, A. G., & Kiaris, H. (2015). Improvement of chemotherapeutic drug efficacy by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Endocrine-Related Cancer, 22(2), 229–238. http://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-15-0019
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